Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

Age (years)

68.83 ± 7.23

Sex: Male

123 (97.62)

BMI (kg/m²)

22.97 ± 3.27

 Ex-smoker

88 (69.84)

 Current smoker

38 (30.16)

 Packs per/year

54.47 ± 64.46

 Unplanned visit to an outpatient clinic (no./year)

2.05 ± 2.01

 Unplanned visit to an emergency department or hospital admission (no./year)

1.4 ± 0.52

  ≥ 2 events in the past year (n, %)

17 (13.49)

FEV1 (L)

1.65 ± 0.53

FEV1 (%)

65.35 ± 19.42

FVC (L)

3.59 ± 0.79

FVC (%)

97.15 ± 17.10

FEV1/FVC

45.95 ± 11.55

 1 (FEV1 > 80% predicted)

23 (18.25)

 2 (FEV1 50%–79% predicted)

76 (60.32)

 3 (FEV1 30%–49% predicted)

23 (18.25)

 4 (FEV1 < 30% predicted)

4 (3.17)

SGRQ score

38.04 ± 18.18

CAT score

17.76 ± 7.68

mMRC dyspnea score

1.44 ± 0.92

CCQ score

2.03 ± 0.94

6MWT (m)

444.39 ± 103.85