Table 1 Clinical characteristics and day-to-isolation univariate analysis (N = 69)
Characteristic | No.(%) or mean ± SD | Day-to-isolation (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient factor | |||
Age (years) | 81.1 ± 10.0 | 0.827 | |
Male gender-no.(%) | 51 (73.9) | 8.2 (3.90–12.41) | 0.009* |
Female gender-no.(%) | 18 (26.1) | 1.8 (0.70–2.86) | |
Smoking-no.(%) | 40 (58.0) | 6.6 (3.16–10.09) | 0.585 |
Non-smoking-no.(%) | 29 (42.0) | 6.3 (0.24–12.38) | |
Alcoholism-no.(%) | 4 (5.8) | 1.5 (0.52–2.48) | 0.217 |
Non-alcoholism-no.(%) | 65 (94.2) | 6.8 (3.40–10.21) | |
Welfare recipient-no.(%) | 4 (5.8) | 1.3 (0.76–1.74) | 0.172 |
Non-welfare recipient-no.(%) | 65 (94.2) | 6.8 (3.41–10.22) | |
Dependent ADL-no.(%) | 12 (17.4) | 11.5 (2.67–20.33) | 0.129 |
Partially dependent ADL-no.(%) | 20 (29.0) | 8.7 (0.08–17.22) | |
Independent ADL-no.(%) | 37 (53.6) | 3.7 (1.28–6.13) | |
Past history of tuberculosis-no.(%) | 28 (40.6) | 3.0 (1.44–4.49) | 0.073 |
Non-past history of tuberculosis-no.(%) | 41 (59.4) | 8.9 (3.69–14.12) | |
Contact with tuberculosis patients-no.(%) | 7 (10.1) | 3.3 (0.01–6.56) | 0.519 |
Non-contact with tuberculosis patients-no.(%) | 62 (89.9) | 6.9 (3.30–10.41) | |
Diabetes mellitus-no.(%) | 25 (37.3) | 3.8 (1.19–6.49) | 0.248 |
Non-diabetes mellitus-no.(%) | 42 (60.9) | 8.3 (3.31–13.31) | |
Other lung disease-no.(%) | 18 (26.1) | 5.3 (0.73–9.83) | 0.864 |
Non-other lung disease-no.(%) | 51 (73.9) | 6.9 (2.86–10.99) | |
Gastric resection-no.(%) | 8 (11.6) | 4.8 (0.00–11.02) | 0.593 |
Non-gastric resection-no.(%) | 61 (88.4) | 6.7 (3.16–10.28) | |
Human immunodificiency virus infection -no.(%) | 1 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.00–1.00) | 0.366 |
Non-human immunodificiency virus infection-no.(%) | 68 (98.6) | 6.6 (3.31–9.84) | |
Preceding newer quinolone antibiotics-no.(%) | 6 (8.7) | 23.0 (0.00–51.14) | 0.027* |
Non-preceding newer quinolone antibiotics-no.(%) | 63 (91.3) | 4.9 (2.77–7.07) | |
Steroid use-no.(%) | 15 (21.7) | 6.5 (0.38–12.55) | 0.923 |
Non-steriod use-no.(%) | 54 (78.3) | 6.5 (2.72–10.28) | |
Chronic cough-no.(%) | 19 (27.5) | 2.3 (0.81–3.82) | 0.023* |
Absence of chronic cough-no.(%) | 50 (72.5) | 8.1 (3.74–12.42) | |
Appetite loss-no.(%) | 48 (70.6) | 8.5 (3.96–13.00) | 0.037* |
Absence of appetite loss-no.(%) | 20 (29.0) | 2.0 (1.36–2.64) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 19.0 ± 3.3 | 0.213 | |
BT on arrival (°C) | 37.2 ± 1.8 | 0.335 | |
sBP on arrical (mmHg) | 123.5 ± 30.3 | 0.768 | |
Oxygen requirement-no.(%) | 25 (36.2) | 8.2 (0.89–15.51) | 0.555 |
Non-oxygen requirement-no.(%) | 44 (63.8) | 5.5 (2.60–8.44) | |
Haemoglobin level (g/dL) | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 0.783 | |
Serum albumin level (g/dL) | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 0.348 | |
CRP level (mg/dL) | 9.3 ± 5.6 | 0.748 | |
Cavitary lesion on the chest radiograph-no.(%) | 15 (21.7) | 1.3 (1.04–1.50) | 0.005* |
Non-cavitary lesion on the chest radiograph-no.(%) | 54 (78.3) | 7.9 (3.91–11.98) | |
Upper zone lesion on the chest radiograph-no.(%) | 36 (52.2) | 3.3 (1.33–5.17) | 0.015* |
Lesion located other than in the upper zone on the chest radiograph-no.(%) | 33 (47.8) | 10.0 (3.80–16.26) | |
Disseminated lesion on the chest radiograph-no.(%) | 32 (46.4) | 3.3 (0.72–5.91) | 0.028* |
Non-disseminated lesion on the chest radiograph-no.(%) | 37 (53.6) | 9.2 (3.79–14.70) | |
Raw score (from −30 points to 60 points) | 29.2 ± 18.0 | 0.973 | |
Medical facility and doctor factor | |||
Year of hospital visit (from 2008 to 2016) | 2012.4 ± 2.6 | 0.151 | |
Night-time arrival-no.(%) | 27 (39.1) | 8.7 (1.87–15.47) | 0.248 |
Day-time arrival-no.(%) | 42 (60.9) | 5.1 (2.11–8.08) | |
Weekend arrival-no.(%) | 13 (18.8) | 3.8 (1.06–6.48) | 0.517 |
Weekday arrival-no.(%) | 56 (81.2) | 7.1 (3.22–11.03) | |
Medical care provided by resident-no.(%) | 27 (39.1) | 7.1 (0.72–13.58) | 0.844 |
Medical care provided by non-resident-no.(%) | 42 (60.9) | 6.1 (2.71–9.44) | |
Medical care provided by male doctor-no.(%) | 60 (87.0) | 5.9 (2.64–9.20) | 0.407 |
Medical care provided by female doctor-no.(%) | 9 (13.0) | 10.3 (0.00–22.07) | |
Transferred to the hospital by ambulance-no.(%) | 39 (56.5) | 7.9 (2.74–13.16) | 0.523 |
Transferred to the hospital by non-ambulance-no.(%) | 30 (43.5) | 4.6 (1.63–7.57) | |
Attending ER physician-no.(%) | 55 (79.7) | 6.3 (2.53–10.05) | 0.580 |
Attending non-ER physician-no.(%) | 14 (20.3) | 7.3 (1.27–13.30) | |