Table 1 Demographics, anthropometry, smoking history and indoor air pollutant exposure of the BOLD Trinidad and Tobago study participants
Variable | Male (443) | Female (661) | Total (1104) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | |||
 40–49 | 152 (34.3%) | 287 (43.4%) | 439 (39.8%) |
 50–59 | 145 (32.7%) | 193 (29.2%) | 338 (30.6%) |
 60–69 | 90(20.3%) | 117 (17.7%) | 207 (18.8%) |
 70+ | 56 (12.6%) | 64 (9.7%) | 120 (10.9%) |
Ethnicity | |||
 Indo-Caribbean | 191 (43.1%) | 269 (40.7%) | 460 (41.7%) |
 Afro-Caribbean | 169 (38.1%) | 233 (35.2%) | 402 (36.4%) |
 Mixed/ other | 83 (18.7%) | 159 (24.1%) | 242 (21.9%) |
Highest completed level of education | |||
 Primary /none | 205 (46.8%) | 314 (47.5%) | 521 (47.2%) |
 Secondary | 134 (30.2%) | 216 (32.7%) | 350 (31.7%) |
 Vocational | 79 (17.8%) | 90 (13.6%) | 169 (15.3%) |
 University | 23 (5.2%) | 41 (6.2%) | 64 (5.8%) |
Employment status | |||
 Employed | 287 (64.8%) | 328 (49.6%) | 615 (55.7%) |
 Not working | 17 (3.5%) | 23 (3.5%) | 40 (3.6%) |
 House-person | 7 (1.6%) | 208 (31.5%) | 215 (19.5%) |
 Retired | 122 (27.5%) | 88 (13.3%) | 210 (19.0%) |
 Other | 10 (2.3%) | 14 (2.1%) | 24 (2.2%) |
Wealth score (Mean (SD)) | 8.85 (1.62) | 9.03 (1.31) | 8.96 (1.44) |
BMI groups | |||
 Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 11 (2.5%) | 15 (2.3%) | 26 (2.4%) |
 Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 162 (36.6%) | 146 (22.1%) | 308 (27.9%) |
 Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 174 (39.3%) | 207 (31.3%) | 381 (34.5%) |
 Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 96 (21.7%) | 293 (44.3%) | 389 (35.2%) |
Waist circumference | |||
 Normal | 300 (67.7%) | 162 (24.5%) | 461 (41.8%) |
 Abnormal (≥102 cm for males, ≥88 cm for females) | 143 (32.3%) | 499 (75.4%) | 642 (58.2%) |
Waist Hip ratio | |||
 Normal | 152 (34.4%) | 205 (31.0%) | 357 (32.4%) |
 Abnormal (> 0.9 for males, > 0.85 for females) | 290 (65.6%) | 456 (68.9%) | 746 (67.6%) |
Smoking status | |||
 Current | 121 (27.3%) | 36 (5.4%) | 157 (14.2%) |
 Former | 104 (23.5%) | 41 (6.2%) | 145 (13.1%) |
 Never | 218 (49.2%) | 584 (88.4%) | 802 (72.6%) |
Pack-year categories | |||
 Never | 219 (49.5%) | 584 (88.4%) | 803 (72.8%) |
 0–10 | 67 (15.2%) | 35 (5.3%) | 102 (9.2%) |
 10–20 | 56 (12.7%) | 21 (3.2%) | 77 (7.0%) |
 20 + | 100 (22.6%) | 21 (3.2%) | 121 (11.0%) |
Ever smoked cannabis | 72 (16.3%) | 24 (3.6%) | 96 (8.7%) |
Exposure to second hand smoke | 152 (34.3%) | 220 (33.3%) | 372 (33.7%) |
Working in a dusty environment for > 1 year | 238 (53.7%) | 161 (24.4%) | 399 (36.1%) |
Indoor open fire with coal used for cooking | 87 (19.9%) | 99 (15.1%) | 186 (17.0%) |
Indoor open fire with wood used for cooking | 188 (42.9%) | 249 (37.9%) | 437 (39.9%) |
Kerosene used for cooking | 163 (37.2%) | 249 (37.9%) | 412 (37.6%) |
Indoor air pollutant exposure: coal, wood or kerosene | |||
 Exposure to one | 126 (28.4%) | 179 (27.1%) | 305 (27.6%) |
 Exposure to two | 75 (16.9%) | 125 (18.9%) | 200 (18.1%) |
 Exposure to all three | 54 (12.2%) | 56 (8.5%) | 110 (10.0%) |
 None | 188 (42.4%) | 301 (45.5%) | 489 (44.3%) |