Fig. 1From: Anticholinergics aggravate the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseHeart rate recovery of using tiotropium group and controls. Paired t testing was used to compare HRR between subjects using tiotropium and controls. Mean of HRR was significantly lower in subjects using tiotropium than those in the control group (16 ± 6 vs 22 ± 8 beats/min, respectively, p < 0.05)Back to article page