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Table 5 Association (OR, 99% CI) a between presence of farm animals within 1000 m and primary outcomes among ACOS patients in the study area (significant associations in bold)

From: Patients with overlapping diagnoses of asthma and COPD: is livestock exposure a risk factor for comorbidity and coexisting symptoms and infections?

Presence of farm animals within 1000 m (yes/no)

Comorbidity

Mink

Poultry

Pigs

Goats

Cattle

GERD

1.79 (0.46–6.85)

1.51 (0.56–4.06)

0.57 (0.19–1.69)

1.02 (0.14–7.57)

0.62 (0.16–2.38)

Osteoporosis

0.61 (0.07–5.05)

0.87 (0.26–2.88)

2.57 (0.45–14.8)

0.52 (0.02–10.43)

1.56 (0.2–12.1)

Diabetes mellitus

1.33 (0.44–3.97)

0.92 (0.45–1.87)

0.85 (0.36–2.02)

0.48 (0.07–3.44)

1.3 (0.39–4.29)

Anxiety

1.08 (0.14–8.06)

0.66 (0.17–2.53)

0.3 (0.08–1.11)

8.18 (1.5–44.7) *

0.69 (0.12–3.79)

Depression

0.39 (0.05–2.68)

0.76 (0.31–1.84)

0.58 (0.22–1.49)

i.n.c

0.48 (0.16–1.41)

Lung cancer

i.n.c

0.28 (0.01–5.19)

0.82 (0.04–15.5)

i.n.c

i.n.c

Hypertension

1.14 (0.43–3.03)

0.87 (0.48–1.6)

1.11 (0.54–2.28)

1.49 (0.42–5.32)

1.18 (0.48–2.91)

Rheumatoid arthritis

i.n.c

1.35 (0.3–6.0)

4.11 (0.24–71.1)

1.72 (0.09–31.0)

1.82 (0.11–29.6)

Heart disease (risk) cluster*

1.41 (0.58–3.43)

0.61 (0.35–1.06)

1.31 (0.67–2.59)

1.24 (0.35–4.35)

1.21 (0.5–2.93)

Total prevalenceb

1.11 (0.41–3.0)

0.56 (0.31–1.02)

0.98 (0.46–2.1)

1.77 (0.4–7.82)

1.03 (0.41–2.6)

Numberc

1.11 (0.77–1.62)

0.87 (0.69–1.1)

0.95 (0.7–1.28)

1.15 (0.72–1.85)

1.1 (0.75–1.61)

Coexisting symptoms & infections

Pneumonia

0.94 (0.2–4.32)

1.04 (0.42–2.58)

1.00 (0.35–2.86)

3.65 (0.96–13.8)

1.05 (0.27–4.04)

Sleep problems

0.87 (0.15–5.02)

0.56 (0.18–1.71)

2.23 (0.47–10.5)

1.92 (0.19–19.7)

1.39 (0.24–7.79)

Memory/Concentration problems

i.n.c

0.54 (0.09–3.19)

2.66 (0.15–45.8)

3.13 (0.22–43.2)

0.41 (0.04–3.95)

Upper respiratory tract infections

1.3 (0.43–3.98)

1.07 (0.55–2.11)

0.66 (0.3–1.44)

0.72 (0.15–3.4)

1.06 (0.39–2.88)

Respiratory symptoms

0.81 (0.26–2.49)

1.66 (0.87–3.19)

0.84 (0.39–1.81)

1.54 (0.42–5.62)

0.63 (0.25–1.58)

Dizziness/Vertigo

1.34 (0.18–10.0)

3.33 (0.72–15.4)

1.08 (0.2–5.93)

3.3 (0.41–26.5)

2.06 (0.14–30.6)

Anemia

0.83 (0.14–4.98)

1.04 (0.39–2.8)

0.78 (0.22–2.75)

1.75 (0.3–10.1)

0.45 (0.11–1.69)

Allergic rhinitis/Hay fever

0.38 (0.02–6.29)

1.16 (0.36–3.72)

2.54 (0.45–14.3)

5.71 (1.11–29.3) *

1.14 (0.2–6.43)

Total prevalenceb

0.84 (0.34–2.09)

1.24 (0.71–2.18)

0.89 (0.44–1.8)

1.39 (0.41–4.63)

0.79 (0.34–1.84)

Numberc

0.86 (0.52–1.41)

1.17 (0.88–1.55)

0.95 (0.67–1.37)

1.69 (1.03–2.77) *

0.86 (0.57–1.31)

  1. Abbreviations: ORs Odds ratios, CI Confidence intervals, GERD Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, i.n.c Insufficient number of cases
  2. aAdjusted for age and gender
  3. bPatients with at least one of the investigated outcomes
  4. cCount variables, incidence rate ratios (IRR) are provided
  5. *p < 0.01
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