Table 4 Results of ordinal logistic regression analysis of factors affecting the baseline erectile function level
From: Progression of erectile function in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study
Variables | Category | Cluster 1 (normal baseline, Group A) Reference | Cluster 2 (mild to moderate baseline, Group B & C) | Cluster 3 (severe baseline, Group D) | Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 2 and 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 18, 9.7%) | (n = 85, 46.0%) | (n = 82, 44.3%) | Odd ratio | 95% CI | p | ||
Age (mean ± SD, years) | 59.9 ± 6.0 | 62.9 ± 7.1 | 69.2 ± 5.9 | 1.14 | 1.08–1.21 | < 0.001 | |
Education (n, %) | ≥bachelor’s degree | 7 (38.9) | 12 (14.1) | 22 (26.8) | 0.96 | 0.58–1.62 | 0.821 |
high school | 8 (44.4) | 37 (43.5) | 21 (25.6) | ||||
≤middle school | 3 (16.7) | 36 (42.4) | 39 (47.6) | ||||
Income (n, %) | ≥2,000 | 14 (77.8) | 39 (45.9) | 32 (39.0) | 1.27 | 1.05–1.57 | 0.021 |
(US dollars/month, n) | < 2,000 | 4 (22.2) | 46 (54.1) | 50 (61.0) | |||
Current smoker (n, %) | yes | 6 (33.3) | 29 (34.1) | 24 (29.3) | 0.95 | 0.47–1.92 | 0.905 |
no | 12 (66.7) | 56 (65.9) | 58 (70.7) | ||||
Number of comorbidities | 0.67 ± 0.68 | 0.65 ± 0.61 | 0.62 ± 0.68 | 1.17 | 0.72–1.78 | 0.527 | |
Number of symptoms | 2.72 ± 1.27 | 2.62 ± 1.40 | 2.65 ± 1.36 | 0.93 | 0.74–1.12 | 0.596 | |
BODE index sore | 1.17 ± 1.30 | 1.88 ± 1.65 | 2.48 ± 1.93 | 1.31 | 1.02–1.68 | 0.032 | |
Sleep disturbance (n, %) | yes | 4 (22.2) | 29 (34.1) | 20 (24.4) | 0.64 | 0.29–1.39 | 0.265 |
no | 14 (77.8) | 56 (65.9) | 62 (75.6) | ||||
Exacerbation (n, %) | yes | 2 (11.1) | 14 (16.5) | 19 (23.2) | 0.88 | 0.35–2.19 | 0.787 |
in last year | no | 16 (88.9) | 71 (83.5) | 63 (76.8) | |||
BAI score | 5.83 ± 5.80 | 5.89 ± 8.14 | 6.17 ± 7.31 | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 0.519 | |
BDI score | 8.00 ± 9.71 | 8.01 ± 7.95 | 10.48 ± 10.53 | 0.99 | 0.94–1.04 | 0.753 | |
Self-rated health status | 1.89 ± 0.76 | 2.24 ± 0.73 | 2.35 ± 0.81 | 1.69 | 1.01–2.85 | 0.047 | |