Healthcare utilization, medical expenditure, and mortality in Korean patients with pulmonary hypertension

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 2 Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for each PH group

	Total study population (n = 2185)		Group I PH (PAH; n = 333)		Group II PH (PH-LHD; n = 1189)		Group III PH (PH-Lung; n = 335)		Group IV PH (CTEPH; n = 102)		Group V PH (PH-Miscellaneous; n = 226)
	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Age > 70 years	1.875 (1.390–2.529)	< 0.001	2.045 (1.299–3.219)	0.002	1.997 (1.335–2.988)	0.001	1.328 (0.976–1.808)	0.071			2.660 (1.702–4.158)	< 0.001
Male sex	1.674 (1.262–2.220)	< 0.001			1.765 (1.220–2.552)	0.003					1.571 (1.000–2.467)	0.050
BMI > 22.5 kg/m²	0.826 (0.630–1.082)	0.165			0.727 (0.535–0.986)	0.041
Hypertension	0.810 (0.592–1.110)	0.190					0.645 (0.439–0.948)	0.026
DM	0.864 (0.631–1.182)	0.360
Dyslipidemia	0.970 (0.643–1.463)	0.884
Hemoglobin (per − 1 g/dL)	1.072 (1.010–1.138)	0.023	1.100 (1.011–1.195)	0.026	1.135 (1.054–1.224)	0.001	1.107 (1.040–1.181)	0.002	1.145 (1.003–1.307)	0.045
GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m²	1.291 (0.936–1.790)	0.120	1.689 (0.945–3.021)	0.077
LVEDV > 100 mL	1.213 (0.890–1.654)	0.221			1.514 (1.057–2.168)	0.024
LVEF < 30%	1.058 ().693–1.616)	0.794			1.514 (1.069–2.226)	0.021
LA dimension > 40 mm	0.848 (0.618–1.162)	0.305
PASP > 62 mmHg	1.559 (1.188–2.047)	0.001	1.671 (1.032–2.706)	0.037	1.829 (1.346–2.485)	< 0.001	1.634 (1.215–2.197)	0.001			1.916 (1.218–3.014)	0.005

Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model with backward selection method were used. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were calculated using the univariable markers with P values < 0.100. Variables associated with all-cause mortality in total study population (second column) were assessed in each PH subgroup
Abbreviations: same as Table 1

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