Patterns of brain structural alteration in COPD with different levels of pulmonary function impairment and its association with cognitive deficits

Table 2 MoCA total and subsection scores of the participants

Variables (score)	Comparison group (n = 31)	Mild COPD (n = 29)	Moderate COPD (n = 29)	Severe COPD (n = 26)	F value	P value
MoCA total	26.10 ± 1.32	24.21 ± 2.23*	22.14 ± 3.56**	21.84 ± 2.79	17.73	0.000
MoCA item z-score #
Visuospatial executive function	0.03 ± 1.00	− 0.88 ± 1.56*	− 1.97 ± 1.84**	−2.36 ± 1.70**	14.22	0.000
Naming	− 0.13 ± 1.00	− 0.41 ± 1.72	− 1.17 ± 2.84	− 0.69 ± 2.04	1.78	0.155
Attention	−0.01 ± 1.00	−0.33 ± 1.30	− 1.19 ± 1.65**	−1.11 ± 1.27**	5.71	0.001
Verbal	0.01 ± 1.01	−0.30 ± 1.77	−0.67 ± 1.34	−1.06 ± 1.68	1.87	0.131
Abstraction	0.17 ± 1.00	−0.88 ± 1.96*	−1.14 ± 1.92*	−0.85 ± 1.45*	2.89	0.039
Delayed recall	0.00 ± 1.00	−0.49 ± 1.36	−1.04 ± 1.31*	−0.87 ± 0.86*	4.75	0.004
Orientation	−0.01 ± 1.00	−0.60 ± 2.45	−1.17 ± 2.42	−2.34 ± 3.23***	5.14	0.002

Note: Data are presented as the means ± standard deviations. The z-scores for the cognitive items were compared using one-way analysis of variance with post hoc tests. P values were calculated with analysis of variance
Abbreviations: #The z-score was expressed as (individual score of COPD group - mean score of the comparison group)/standard deviation of the comparison group. *Significantly different from controls (P < 0.05). **Significantly different from patients with mild COPD (P < 0.05). ***Significantly different from patients with moderate COPD (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 1471-2466