Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with systemic sclerosis

Ewert, Ralf; Ittermann, Till; Habedank, Dirk; Held, Matthias; Lange, Tobias J.; Halank, Michael; Winkler, Jörg; Gläser, Sven; Olschewski, Horst; Kovacs, Gabor

doi:10.1186/s12890-019-1003-7

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 3 Cox regression adjusted for age and gender

From: Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with systemic sclerosis

Parameter	Hazard ratio	95% confidence interval	p-value (bold: p < 0.05)
Demography
age	1.07	1.02; 1.11	0.002
female	0.54	0.23; 1.27
ex-smoker	2.80	0.77; 10.14	0.117
smoker	1.24	0.38; 4.04	0.724
Charlson index	1.41	1.16; 1.72	0.001
body height	0.98	0.93; 1.05	0.633
body weight	0.96	0.93; 0.99	0.024
BMI	0.88	0.79; 0.98	0.019
limited pulmonary manifestation	0.70	0.26; 1.94	0.497
extensive pulmonary manifestation	2.50	1.04; 6.00	0.040
Echocardiography
RV_sys	1.03	1.02; 1.05	0.001
Right heart catheterisation
RAP_mean	1.09	0.95; 1.24	0.200
PAP_mean	1.04	1.01; 1.07	0.002
PAP_mean ≥ 25 mmHg	3.67	1.54; 8.75	0.003
PAWP	1.05	0.95; 1.15	0.347
PVR	1.22	1.11; 1.34	0.001
Cardiac output	0.45	0.28; 0.73	0.001
PAH	2.92	1.26; 6.75	0.012
Pulmonary function
TLC	0.97	0.96; 0.99	0.006
VC (% pred.)	0.96	0.95; 0.98	< 0.001
FVC (% pred.)	0.97	0.96; 0.99	0.001
proportion of patients ≤70% predicted FVC	4.45	1.91; 10.35	0.001
FEV1 (% pred.)	0.98	0.96; 0.99	0.005
FEV1/FVC (%)	1.02	0.98; 1.06	0.241
RV (% pred.)	1.00	0.99; 1.01	0.451
RV/TLC (% pred.)	1.01	0.99; 1.04	0.189
DLCO (% pred.)	0.94	0.91; 0.96	< 0.001
proportion of patients ≤60% predicted DLCO	9.89	2.86; 34.19	< 0.001
KCO (% pred.)	0.95	0.93; 0.97	< 0.001
FVC (% pred.)/DLCO (% pred.)	2.25	1.49; 3.41	< 0.001
6-MWD	0.991	0.986; 0.997	0.003
CPET
maximum power in Watts	0.95	0.94; 0.97	0.001
maximum power (% pred.)	0.96	0.95; 0.98	< 0.001
VO₂@AT in % of peakVO₂ predicted	0.99	0.97; 1.01	0.346
peakVO₂	0.80	0.73; 0.88	< 0.001
peakVO₂ (% pred.)	0.94	0.92; 0.96	< 0.001
VO₂/HR	0.63	0.52; 0.75	< 0.001
VE/VCO₂-slope	1.06	1.04; 1.09	< 0.001
VE/VCO₂@rest	1.06	1.02; 1.10	0.003
VE/VCO₂@AT	1.06	1.03; 1.09	< 0.001
p_etCO₂@rest	0.88	0.81; 0.95	0.001
p_etCO₂@AT	0.86	0.81; 0.92	< 0.001
VE/MVV (%)	1.01	0.98; 1.03	0.561
VE/MVV > 80%	1.43	0.42; 4.79	0.566

6-MWD Walking distance in 6 min, BMI Body mass index, CPET Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, DLCO Diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide, FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC Forced vital capacity, KCO Krogh factor (DLCO per alveolar volume), lcSSc limited cutaneous manifestation, PAH Pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAP_mean Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (by right heart catheter), PAWP Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, peakVO₂ peak oxygen uptake, p_etCO₂ End tidal pressure of carbon dioxide, p_etCO₂@AT End tidal pressure of carbon dioxide at anaerobic threshold, pred. predicted, PVR Pulmonary vascular resistance, RAP_mean mean right atrial pressure, RV Residual volume, RV_sys Right ventricular systolic pressure (by echocardiography), TLC Total lung capacity, VC Vital capacity, VE/MVV Ratio of ventilation to maximum voluntary ventilation, VE/VCO₂@AT ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide output at anaerobic threshold, VE/VCO₂@rest ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide output at rest, VE/VCO₂-slope slope of the relation between ventilation and carbon dioxide output, VO₂@AT oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold, VO₂/HR Ratio of oxygen uptake to heart rate

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ISSN: 1471-2466

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