Stimulants associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for motor vehicle accident injury in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-a nationwide cohort study

Table 2 Distribution and hazard ratio of hospitalization for motor vehicle accident injury in OSA patients

OSA vs No OSA (N)	3025	9075
MVA injury^* N (%)	172 (5.7%)	358 (3.97%)
per 10⁵ person-year	575.3	392.0
Crude HR (reference: non-OSA)	2.35 (95% CI: 1.96–2.81) ^***
Adjusted HR (reference: non-OSA)	2.18 (95% CI: 1.79–2.64) ^***
Male (reference: female), adjusted HR	1.48 (95% CI: 1.18–1.71) ^***
CCI, adjusted HR	1.57 (95% CI: 1.55–1.59) ^***
Comorbidities (reference: without), adjusted HR
Insomnia	2.96 (95%CI: 1.43–5.33) ^***
Idiopathic hypersomnia	18.22 (95%CI 0.45–167.21)
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type	No MVA injury events
Anxiety disorders	5.11 (95%CI: 3.98–7.66) ^***
Depressive disorders	4.35 (95%CI: 2.06–6.53) ^***
Bipolar disorders	3.38 (95%CI: 2.11–4.79) ^***
Psychotic disorders	2.64 (95%CI: 1.29–3.86) ^***
Restless leg syndrome	No MVA injury events
Periodic limb movement disorder	No MVA injury events
Alcohol-related disorders	5.71 (95%CI: 2.63–8.82) ^***
Other substance-related disorders	3.59 (95%CI: 1.11–4.94) ^*
Medications (reference: without), adjusted HR
Hypnotics (Z-drugs and benzodiazepine)	2.31 (95%CI: 1.84–2.98) ^***
Antihistamines	1.30 (95%CI: 1.01–1.62) ^*
Antidepressants	1.64 (95%CI: 1.24–2.13) ^**
Antipsychotics	1.81 (95%CI: 1.31–2.20) ^***

OSA obstructive sleep apnea, MVA motor vehicle accidents, HR hazard ratio, CCI Charlson comorbidity index; Adjusted for the variables listed in Table 1
^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01, ^*** P < 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2466