Fig. 1

Survival of patients with AE-CPFE and AE-IPF based on the Kaplan–Meier method. The survival rate of patients with AE-CPFE (n = 21; solid line) is significantly lower than that of patients with AE-IPF (n = 41; dashed line) (P < 0.001, log-rank test). The 30- and 90-day survival rates of patients in the AE-CPFE group are 95.2 and 85.7%, respectively. The 30- and 90-day survival rates of patients in the AE-IPF group were 61.0 and 43.9%, respectively (30 days: p = 0.0066; 90 days: p = 0.0039). Abbreviations: AE-CPFE, acute exacerbation of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; AE-IPF, acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis