A cross-omics integrative study of metabolic signatures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 3 Top metabolites associated with FEV₁/FVC - Results of the discovery and replication studies

Metabolite	Discovery meta-analysis					Replication meta-analysis
Metabolite	β	SE	P-value	Direction^a	N	β	SE	P-value	Direction^b	N
Valine	0.005	0.001	2.5 × 10^–4	+++	3324	− 0.0015	0.0023	0.5314	−+	1460
GlycA	−0.005	0.001	4.5 × 10^–4	–––	3324	− 0.0010	0.0022	0.6438	––	1463
Albumin	0.004	0.001	0.0047	+++	3324	0.0045	0.0021	0.0353	++	1463
Glutamine	−0.003	0.001	0.0097	–––	3323	0.0029	0.0023	0.1923	++	1393
Triglycerides in very large HDL	−0.003	0.001	0.0160	–––	3324	0.0031	0.0022	0.1491	++	1469
Phenylalanine	−0.003	0.001	0.0334	–––	3324	− 0.0012	0.0023	0.5899	+−	1450

Model adjusted for age, sex, BMI, LLM use and smoking status; HDL high density lipoprotein, β effect size, SE standard error; Direction - direction of the effect in individual studies; N - meta-analysis sample size; ^a Direction of the effect in the discovery studies in order: RS-III-2, RS-E5, RS-I-4; ^b Direction of the effect in the replication studies in order: LLDEEP, PIVUS; In bold: significant results (P < 0.001)

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