Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with Covid-19 when stratified by the presence of AKI during hospitalization
Characteristic | Total (N = 210) | AKI (n = 92) | No AKI (n = 118) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR), yrs | 64 (56–71) | 65 (59–73) | 62 (54–70) | 0.021 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.186 |
 Female | 79 (37.6) | 30 (32.6) | 49 (41.5) | – |
 Male | 131 (62.4) | 62 (67.4) | 69 (58.5) | – |
Severity of Covid-19 |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Severe | 60 (28.6) | 2 (2.2) | 58 (49.2) | – |
 Critical | 150 (71.4) | 90 (97.8) | 60 (50.9) | – |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 98 (46.7) | 45 (48.9) | 53 (44.9) | 0.565 |
 Diabetes | 44 (21.0) | 23 (25.0) | 21 (17.8) | 0.203 |
 Cardiovascular diseases | 23 (11.0) | 9 (9.8) | 14 (11.9) | 0.632 |
 Malignancy | 14 (6.7) | 10 (10.9) | 4 (3.4) | 0.031 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 12 (5.7) | 6 (6.52) | 6 (5.1) | 0.656 |
 Chronic Kidney Disease | 10 (4.8) | 6 (6.52) | 4 (3.4) | 0.290 |
 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 5 (2.4) | 2 (2.2) | 3 (2.5) | NA |
 Connective Tissue Disease | 2 (1.0) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
Complication | ||||
 Sepsis | 112 (53.3) | 72 (78.3) | 40 (33.9) | < 0.001 |
 Right heart failurea | 44 (21.0) | 28 (30.4) | 16 (13.6) | 0.003 |
 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | 32 (15.2) | 27 (29.4) | 5 (4.24) | < 0.001 |
Treatment | ||||
 Drug with Nephrotoxicity | 52 (24.8) | 38 (41.3) | 14 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
 Respiratory support: COT | 41 (19.5) | 2 (2.2) | 39 (33.1) | < 0.001 |
 Respiratory support: HFN | 22 (10.5) | 6 (6.5) | 16 (13.6) | 0.099 |
 Respiratory support: NIV | 29 (13.8) | 4 (4.4) | 25 (21.2) | < 0.001 |
 Respiratory support: IMV | 118 (56.2) | 80 (87.0) | 38 (32.2) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory Findingsb | ||||
 Baseline serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 69.7 (55.9–85.9) | 75.5 (59.8–102.8) | 67.1 (54.3–78.4) | 0.002 |
 Maximum PaCO2 (mmHg) | 52.0 (39.0–73.8) | 69.5 (46.8–81.3) | 45.0 (38.3–57.5) | < 0.001 |
 Maximum PaCO2 > = 60 mmHg | 82 (39.05) | 55 (59.78) | 27 (22.88) | < 0.001 |
 Minimum PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 109.0 (65.0–207.7) | 73.0 (62.8–138.6) | 169.0 (74.3–217.5) | < 0.001 |
 Minimum PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150 mmHg | 116 (55.24) | 70 (76.09) | 46 (38.98) | < 0.001 |
 Maximum IL-6 (pg/ml) | 14.3 (9.9–24.9) | 17.9 (12.6–33.5) | 12.3 (8.9–19.6) | < 0.001 |
 Maximum serum ferritin (ng/ml) | 1607.8 (786.2–2001.0) | 2001.0 (1329.6–2001.0) | 985.4 (581.8–2001.0) | < 0.001 |