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Table 2 Conditions and interventions predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with IPF patients

From: In-hospital mortality trends among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the United States between 2013-2017: a comparison of academic and non-academic programs

Risk factors

Unadjusted

Adjusted Model*

OR

p-value

95%CI

OR

p-value**

95%CI

Age

0.995

< 0.001

(0.993–0.997)

1.007

< 0.001

(1.004–1.009)

Female

0.72

< 0.001

(0.7–0.76)

0.77

< 0.001

(0.73–0.81)

Race***:

 Black

0.83

< 0.001

(0.76–0.91)

0.69

< 0.001

(0.62–0.76)

 Hispanic

0.9

0.008

(0.83–0.97)

0.67

< 0.001

(0.62–0.74)

Ever Smoker

0.83

< 0.001

(0.8–0.86)

0.79

< 0.001

(0.75–0.83)

Elective admission

0.63

< 0.001

(0.58–0.68)

1.28

< 0.001

(1.16–1.4)

Academic hospital

1.21

< 0.001

(1.16–1.27)

1.14

< 0.001

(1.09–1.2)

Any respiratory failure

8.67

< 0.001

(8.13–9.25)

4.77

< 0.001

(4.34–5.13)

Mechanical ventilation therapy

11.36

< 0.001

(10.86–11.88)

7.26

< 0.001

(6.9–7.64)

Bronchoscopy

2.25

< 0.001

(2.11–2.39)

1.23

< 0.001

(1.13–1.33)

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder

0.82

< 0.001

(0.78–0.86)

0.84

< 0.001

(0.8–0.89)

Obstructive sleep apnea

0.78

< 0.001

(0.74–0.84)

0.62

< 0.001

(0.58–0.67)

Diabetes mellitus

0.94

0.008

(0.9–0.99)

0.91

0.001

(0.87–0.96)

Frailty

1.67

0.001

(1.23–2.27)

1.48

0.03

(1.04–2.1)

Low body mass index

1.65

< 0.001

(1.5–1.82)

1.51

< 0.001

(1.34–1.69)

Obesity

0.81

< 0.001

(0.76–0.87)

0.77

< 0.001

(0.71–0.84)

Pneumonia

2.31

< 0.001

(2.22–2.41)

1.38

< 0.001

(1.31–1.45)

New pulmonary embolism

2.18

< 0.001

(1.97–2.42)

1.83

< 0.001

(1.62–2.08)

Dependence on long-term Oxygen

1.23

< 0.001

(1.18–1.28)

0.91

< 0.001

(0.87–0.96)

  1. *Adjusted for all variables mentioned in this table
  2. ** Statistically significant P-value cutoff after Bonferroni correction is (p < 0.003)
  3. *** Compared to white
  4. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2 = 14,153.7, p < 0.001. The model explained 29.7% (R2) of the variance in mortality and correctly classified 89.4% of cases. Sensitivity was 16.1%, specificity was 98.3%, positive predictive value was 53% and negative predictive value was 90.7%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.835 (95% CI, 0.831 to 0.839), which is an excellent level of discrimination (Figs. E3)