Table 3 Factors Associated with a Prior Diagnosis of COPD

 Age / year

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.29

 Sex Male vs Female

0.69 (0.57, 0.84)

< 0.001

 Education Level / unit

0.89 (0.84, 0.94)

< 0.001

 Age Started Smoking / year

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

0.24

 Average Cigarettes / Day Smoked (Log-transformed)

1.94 (1.53, 2.47)

< 0.001

 Pack Years (Log-transformed)

1.81 (1.43, 2.29)

< 0.001

 Presently a Smoker Yes vs No

0.79 (0.65, 0.96)

0.019

 Serious Attempt to Quit (of those who are presently a smoker) Yes vs No

1.09 (0.74, 1.62)

0.66

 # of Healthcare Professionals Asking About Smoking (of those who are presently a smoker) / time

1.90 (1.41, 2.56)

< 0.001

 Dyspnea Yes vs No

5.00 (4.03, 6.21)

< 0.001

 Cough Yes vs No

2.35 (1.92, 2.88)

< 0.001

 Phlegm Yes vs No

2.31 (1.89, 2.81)

< 0.001

 Wheeze Yes vs No

3.25 (2.66, 3.96)

< 0.001

 Any High Risk Occupation Yes vs No

1.14 (0.94, 1.39)

0.19

 Chest X-Rays ≥1 vs 0

2.76 (2.21, 3.44)

< 0.001

 CT Scans ≥1 vs 0

0.98 (0.55, 1.73)

0.93

 Number of Comorbidities ≥1 vs 0

2.57 (2.04, 3.25)

< 0.001

 Dyspnea Yes vs No

3.38 (2.67, 4.27)

< 0.001

 Wheeze Yes vs No

1.86 (1.48, 2.35)

< 0.001

 Cough Yes vs No

1.47 (1.13, 1.91)

0.004

 Phlegm Yes vs No

1.35 (1.05, 1.74)

0.019

 Number of Comorbidities ≥1 vs 0

1.98 (1.54, 2.56)

< 0.001

 Presently a Smoker Yes vs No

0.53 (0.42, 0.66)

< 0.001