Table 1 Clinical characteristics in COPD patients with severe exacerbation versus those without severe exacerbation
From: Clinical features of Japanese patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Â | Non exacerbator | Exacerbator | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 393 | 88 | Â |
Age (years) | 71.6 ± 0.4 | 73.3 ± 1.0 | 0.1 |
Gender (male/female) | 371/22 | 83/5 | 0.98 |
Height | 162.9 ± 0.4 | 162.1 ± 0.8 | 0.62 |
Body weight | 59.1 ± 0.6 | 53.5 ± 1.1 | < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.4 | < 0.01 |
Smoking history (pack-year) | 58.9 ± 1.6 | 63.0 ± 2.7 | 0.29 |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 185 (47.1%) | 42 (47.7%) | 0.91 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 77 (19.7%) | 18 (20.5%) | 0.87 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 60 (15.4%) | 15 (17.1%) | 0.69 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 60 (15.4%) | 27 (30.7%) | < 0.01 |
COPD assessment test | 10.3 ± 0.5 | 19.9 ± 1.3 | < 0.01 |
mMRC dyspnea scale, grades | 1.48 ± 0.12 | 2.67 ± 0.71 | < 0.01 |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â |
 White blood cell (/ml) | 6652.4 ± 82.4 | 6830.7 ± 194.6 | 0.36 |
 Blood eosinophil (%) | 2.73 ± 0.11 | 2.84 ± 0.27 | 0.66 |
 Blood eosinophil count (/ml) | 175.4 ± 7.4 | 184.2 ± 17.4 | 0.61 |
 Serum albumin (g/dl) | 3.81 ± 0.02 | 3.60 ± 0.06 | < 0.01 |
Pulmonary function test | Â | Â | Â |
 VC (L) | 3.16 ± 0.04 | 2.84 ± 0.09 | < 0.01 |
 FVC (L) | 3.02 ± 0.04 | 2.65 ± 0.09 | < 0.01 |
 FEV1.0 (L) | 1.66 ± 0.03 | 1.24 ± 0.06 | < 0.01 |
 FEV1.0/FVC (%) | 54.4 ± 0.0 | 46.6 ± 0.0 | < 0.01 |
 %FEV1.0 (%) | 75.4 ± 1.1 | 58.6 ± 2.6 | < 0.01 |
 DLco (%) | 71.0 ± 2.3 | 55.7 ± 3.7 | < 0.01 |
TRPG (mmHg) | 27 ± 1.1 | 38.5 ± 2.2 | < 0.01 |
Treatment | Â | Â | Â |
 Long-term oxygen therapy | 20 (5.1%) | 42 (47.7%) | < 0.01 |
 LAMA | 176 (45.1%) | 49 (55.7%) | 0.07 |
 LABA | 155 (39.7%) | 60 (68.2%) | < 0.01 |
 ICS | 73 (18.7%) | 41 (46.6%) | < 0.01 |
 Macrolide | 27 (7.0%) | 23 (26.1%) | < 0.01 |
 β blocker | 37 (9.5%) | 12 (13.6%) | 0.27 |