Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics in COPD patients with frequent exacerbation versus those with infrequent exacerbation
From: Clinical features of Japanese patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Â | Infrequent exacerbator | Frequent exacerbator | Univariate analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 61 | 27 | Â |
Age (years) | 74.0 ± 1.2 | 71.7 ± 0.4 | 0.3 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9 ± 0.4 | 19.0 ± 0.8 | 0.03 |
Smoking history (pack-year) | 61.2 ± 4.4 | 67.3 ± 7.5 | 0.46 |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 30 (49.2%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.68 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 10 (16.4%) | 8 (29.6%) | 0.17 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 12 (19.7%) | 3 (11.1%) | 0.31 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 19 (31.2%) | 8 (30.7%) | 0.89 |
COPD assessment test | 19.8 ± 2.1 | 20.0 ± 1.7 | 0.94 |
Critical exacerbation | 4 (6.6%) | 10 (38.5%) | < 0.01 |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â |
 White blood cell (/ml) | 7067.2 ± 217.8 | 6296.3 ± 387.1 | 0.07 |
 Blood eosinophil (%) | 2.44 ± 0.29 | 3.76 ± 0.55 | < 0.01 |
 Blood eosinophil count (/ml) | 154.7 ± 16.9 | 233.4 ± 37.4 | 0.03 |
 Serum albumin (g/dl) | 3.60 ± 0.07 | 3.62 ± 0.09 | 0.84 |
 CO2 retention | 12/60(20%) | 11/27 (40.7%) | 0.05 |
Pulmonary function test | Â | Â | Â |
 VC (L) | 2.89 ± 0.11 | 2.73 ± 0.14 | 0.42 |
 FVC (L) | 2.70 ± 0.11 | 2.52 ± 0.13 | 0.35 |
 FEV1.0 (L) | 1.32 ± 0.08 | 1.05 ± 0.09 | 0.04 |
 FEV1.0/FVC (%) | 48.6 ± 1.8 | 42.2 ± 2.6 | 0.05 |
 %FEV1.0 (%) | 63.3 ± 3.3 | 48.0 ± 3.5 | < 0.01 |
 DLco (%) | 54.4 ± 4.6 | 59.3 ± 6.3 | 0.56 |
TRPG (mmHg) | 36.2 ± 2.4 | 42.6 ± 4.5 | 0.18 |
History | Â | Â | Â |
 Mechanical ventilation use | 7 (11.5%) | 11 (40.7%) | < 0.01 |
Treatment | Â | Â | Â |
 Long-term oxygen therapy | 21 (34.4%) | 21 (77.8%) | < 0.01 |
 Home ventilation use | 4 (6.6%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0.23 |
 LAMA | 29 (47.5%) | 20 (74.1%) | 0.02 |
 LABA | 38 (62.3%) | 22 (81.5%) | 0.07 |
 ICS | 29 (47.5%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.79 |
 Macrolide | 10 (16.4%) | 13 (48.1%) | < 0.01 |
 β blocker | 8 (13.1%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0.8 |