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Table 2 A comparison of potential prognostic factors for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis between recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM) treatment group and control groupa

From: The efficacy of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM) treatment for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Potential confounding factors/study

Sakamoto 2018 [32]

Hayakawa 2016 [36]

Tsushima 2014 [37]

Kataoka 2015 [38]

Pulmonary function at baseline

 %FVC

70.5 (35–114) vs 74.6 (30.5–112.8) (median (range))

68.1 ± 24.1 vs 58.6 ± 16.7

–

62.3 (51.4–70.1) vs 78.2 (53.9–84.9) (median (IQR))

 %DLCO

49.2 (23.8–110.2) vs 55.4 (26.3–75.6) (median (range))

–

–

45.8 (31.0–50.9) vs 36.5 (29.4–51.8) (median (IQR))

Laboratory data at onset of AE

 WBC

10,500 (4700–24,000) vs 10,200 (3300–16,900) (/mm3) (median (range))

–

14,000 ± 462 vs 15,820 ± 291 (/uL) (mean ± SE)

10,350 (8550–12,775) vs 10,350 (7175–12,225) (/mm3) (median (IQR))

 LDH

353 (232–593) vs 351 (193–1005) (IU/L) (median (range))

378 ± 118 vs 444 ± 173 (IU/L)

782 ± 41 vs 477 ± 13 (IU/L) (mean ± SE)

300 (273–353) vs 313 (277–387) (IU/L) (median (IQR))

 KL-6

1299 (286–10,469) vs 1038 (483–4660) (U/mL) (median (range))

1512 ± 583 vs 2060 ± 1520 (U/mL)

1812 ± 111 vs 1956 ± 218 (U/mL) (mean ± SE)

1278 (966–1869) vs 1255 (945–1496) (U/mL) (median (IQR))

 SP-D

288 (177–1070) vs 317 (155–1410) (ng/mL) (median (range))

482 ± 527 vs 676 ± 711 (ng/mL)

–

202 (167–381) vs 203 (143–260) (pg/mL) (median (IQR))

 P/F ratio

256 (61–380) vs 260 (74–418) (median (range))

168 ± 56 vs 183 ± 47

107 ± 3.9 vs 121 ± 5.9 (mmHg) (mean ± SE)

224 (199–247) vs 238 (195–266) (mmHg) (median (IQR))

 CRP

6.0 (0.6–20.4) vs 6.9 (0.1–32.5) (mg/dL) (median (range))

11.5 ± 8.3 vs 11.0 ± 11.1 (mg/dL)

13.1 ± 0.7 vs 11.8 ± 0.5 (mg/mL) (mean ± SE)

4.7 (3.4–9.4) vs 6.8 (2.2–10.5) (mg/dL) (median (IQR))

  1. a, All comparisons are corresponding to rhsTM treatment group vs. control group. The values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified. There was no statistically significant difference in distributions of any potential prognostic factors between the two comparative groups
  2. AE acute exacerbation; CRP C-reactive protein; IQR interquartile range; KL-6 Krebs von den Lungen-6; LDH lactate dehydrogenase; %DLCO percentage of predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; %FVC percentage of predicted forced vital capacity; P/F partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen; rhsTM recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin; SE standard error; SP-D surfactant protein-D; WBC white blood cell;