Vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory symptoms and airway wall thickening in smokers with and without COPD: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Regression analyses showing effect of vitamin D levels on respiratory symptoms, functional status, and exacerbations^a

	Vitamin D Effect Estimate^b	SE or 95% CI	p value
COPD Diagnosis	1.02	[0.94, 1.10]	0.66
FEV₁ percent predicted^c	0.024	0.056	0.66
SGRQ total score	− 0.19	0.045	< 0.001
BODE score	−0.003	0.0028	0.29
MMRC score	−0.0093	0.0030	0.002
6 min walk distance, feet	2.25	0.76	0.0032
Exacerbations per year	−0.0027	0.0017	0.11
Severe Exacerbations per year	−0.0019	0.00095	0.046

^aEach row represents the outcome of a separate regression model
^bCovariates include age, race, gender, current smoking status, smoking pack years, and FEV₁ percent predicted. Beta (SE) or Odds Ratio (95% CI) are shown
^cCovariates include age, race, gender, height, current smoking status, and smoking pack years

ISSN: 1471-2466