Table 1 Patient characteristics
Variables | Training cohort (n = 2969) | Test cohort (n = 1272) | P value | Total cohort (n = 4241) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 67.3 (12.0) | 67 (12.2) | 0.493 | 67.2 (12.0) |
Sex, male (vs. female) | 1540 (51.8%) | 664 (52.1%) | 0.858 | 2204 (51.9%) |
Overweight | 1147 (38.6%) | 475 (37.3%) | 0.449 | 1622 (38.2%) |
Smoking | 1126 (37.8%) | 483 (37.9%) | 0.996 | 1609 (37.9%) |
Spirometry results, mean (SD) | ||||
FEV1 (L) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) | 0.986 | 2.7 (1.0) |
FEV1, % pred | 97.8 (25.0) | 96.9 (24.2) | 0.921 | 97.2 (24.7) |
FVC (L) | 2.2 (0.7) | 2.2. (0.8) | 0.901 | 2.2 (0.8) |
FVC, % pred | 94.8 (24.1) | 94.6 (24.2) | 0.919 | 94.7 (24.2) |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 76.9 (9.8) | 76.9 (10.0) | 0.904 | 76.9 (9.9) |
FEF25-75 (L) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.0) | 0.953 | 1.6 (1.0) |
FEF25-75, % pred | 56.0 (29.5) | 55.6 (31.0) | 0.930 | 55.8 (30.2) |
Respiratory symptoms | ||||
Dyspnea | 277 (9.3%) | 124 (9.7%) | 0.708 | 401 (9.4%) |
Cough | 300 (10.1%) | 123 (9.7%) | 0.710 | 423 (10.0%) |
Abnormal sputum | 64 (2.2%) | 30 (2.4%) | 0.765 | 94 (2.2%) |
Comorbidities | ||||
COPD | 328 (11%) | 127 (10%) | 0.334 | 455 (10.7%) |
CHF | 66 (2.2%) | 30 (2.4%) | 0.872 | 96 (2.3%) |
Coronary artery diseases | 181 (6.1%) | 75 (5.9%) | 0.860 | 256 (6.0%) |
Stroke | 126 (4.2%) | 69 (5.4%) | 0.108 | 195 (4.6%) |
Hypertension | 1034 (34.8%) | 431 (33.8%) | 0.585 | 1465 (34.5%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 582 (19.6%) | 233 (18.3%) | 0.355 | 815 (19.2%) |
Anemia | 84 (2.8%) | 34 (2.7%) | 0.858 | 118 (2.8%) |
Acid reflux | 266 (8.9%) | 100 (7.8%) | 0.270 | 366 (8.6%) |
Medication history within 1 year | ||||
One or more salbutamol use | 87 (2.9%) | 38 (3.0%) | 0.997 | 125 (2.9%) |
One or more antibiotics use | 83 (2.8%) | 43 (3.4%) | 0.351 | 126 (3.0%) |