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Table 3 Predictors for noninvasive ventilation failure (intubation or death)

From: A scoring system derived from electronic health records to identify patients at high risk for noninvasive ventilation failure

Factor

Intubation or death

Score

OR

LL

UL

Number of organs failed

    

None

Referent

   

One

1.646

1.543

1.755

2

Two or more

3.733

3.501

3.981

6

Primary diagnostic group

    

Acute myocardial infarct

Referent

   

COPD/asthma

1.804

1.634

1.991

3

Congestive heart failure

1.275

1.135

1.433

1

Pneumonia or sepsis

3.464

3.181

3.771

5

Neuro non-stroke

2.79

2.423

3.213

5

Stroke

9.664

8.565

10.903

10

Substance abuse or psychosis

4.293

3.828

4.815

6

Other

1.343

1.21

1.491

1

Pneumonia (secondary dgn)

1.966

1.818

2.127

3

Prior year invasive mechanical vent

1.913

1.682

2.176

3

Systolic blood pressure

    

 ≥ 91

Referent

   

 ≤ 90

2.07

1.959

2.187

3

Body mass index

    

18.0–25.0

Referent

   

 < 18.5

1.372

1.241

1.517

2

Bicarbonate

    

22 – 27

Referent

   

 < 22

0.737

0.697

0.779

1

Weight loss (secondary dgn)

1.19

1.097

1.291

1

Respiratory rate

    

 ≤ 29

Referent

   

 ≥ 30

2.507

2.064

3.044

4

    

c-stat: 0.78

  1. For physiological variables we chose the worst value in the 24 h prior to NIV initiation
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