Table 1 Pathophysiological causes of diaphragmatic dysfunction
From: Ultrasound and non-ultrasound imaging techniques in the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction
Group | Examples |
|---|---|
Neuronal disorders | Â |
a) Disorders of CNS | Poliomyelitis, ALS, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury |
b) Disorders of peripheral neurons | Guillain–Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, critical illness polyneuropathy, compression of the phrenic nerve by neighboring structures |
Disorders of the neuromuscular junction | Myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, botulism, organophosphates |
Disorders of the muscle | Muscular dystrophies, critical-illness myopathy, acid maltase deficiency (Pompe disease), dermatomyositis |