Fig. 4
GAM plot between HOMA-IR and annual changes in lung function. The dashed lines indicate 95% CIs for values of smoothed annual changes in FEV1%-predicted and FVC %-predicted, using the multivariate GAM analysis after adjusting for age, sex, high income, college graduate, active physical activity, smoking status, and annual averaged values of BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, eGFR, WBC count, hemoglobin, and CRP level. Abbreviations: GAM, general additive model; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; CI, confidence interval; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein