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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population according to HOMA-IR quartile

From: Association between insulin resistance and lung function trajectory over 4 years in South Korea: community-based prospective cohort

 

HOMA-IR groups (n = 4827)

1Q: < 1.05 (n = 1218)

2Q: 1.05–1.45 (n = 1211)

3Q: 1.46–2.03 (n = 1191)

4Q: ≥ 2.04 (n = 1207)

P-trend

Age(years)

53.06 ± 9.11

52.53 ± 8.86

52.49 ± 8.84

52.50 ± 8.93

0.131

Male, n (%)

649 (53.3)

551 (45.5)*

462 (38.8)*†

524 (43.4)*‡

 < 0.001

High income, n (%)

161 (13.2)

170 (14.0)

160 (13.4)

182 (15.1)

0.263

College graduate, n (%)

119 (9.8)

129 (10.6)

119 (10.0)

127 (10.5)

0.681

Current or past smoker, n (%)

582 (47.8)

494 (40.8)*

433 (36.4)*†

506 (41.9)*‡

 < 0.001

Active physical activity, n (%)

595 (48.8)

631 (52.1)*

553 (46.4)†

536 (44.4)*†

0.003

Annual averaged BMI (Kg/m2)

23.32 ± 2.95

23.83 ± 2.82*

24.64 ± 2.75*†

25.83 ± 3.03*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged systolic BP (mmHg)

117.72 ± 15.32

117.95 ± 15.30

119.49 ± 15.09*

123.44 ± 16.13*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged diastolic BP (mmHg)

77.65 ± 9.35

78.05 ± 9.45

79.07 ± 9.17*†

81.14 ± 9.16*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged waist circumference (cm)

80.26 ± 8.22

81.63 ± 7.97*

83.78 ± 8.25*†

87.18 ± 8.22*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged fasting glucose (mg/dL)

85 (81–90)

86 (82–91)*

88 (83–94)*†

94 (87–109)*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged HbA1c (%)

5.4 (5.3–5.7)

5.5 (5.3–5.8)

5.6 (5.3–5.8)*†

5.8 (5.5–6.4)*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged triglyceride (mg/dL)

118 (90–162)

120 (91–162)

129 (98–175)*†

154 (115–210)*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

46.47 ± 9.25

45.65 ± 8.91

44.73 ± 8.70*

42.71 ± 8.02*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

83.44 ± 10.98

83.40 ± 10.68

82.43 ± 10.77*†

82.15 ± 11.16*†

0.004

Annual averaged hemoglobin (g/dL)

13.64 ± 1.41

13.51 ± 1.42

13.45 ± 1.51*

13.69 ± 1.42†‡

0.010

Annual averaged WBC count (× 103/μL)

6.40 ± 1.55

6.34 ± 1.47

6.43 ± 1.60

6.78 ± 1.52*†‡

 < 0.001

Annual averaged CRP level (mg/dL)

0.10 (0.06–0.20)

0.10 (0.06–0.20)

0.12 (0.07–0.21)*†

0.15(0.08–0.26)*†‡

 < 0.001

Baseline FEV1 (L)

2.84 ± 0.68

2.81 ± 0.68

2.77 ± 0.68

2.78 ± 0.68

0.045

Baseline FVC (L)

3.63 ± 0.86

3.57 ± 0.87

3.49 ± 0.86*

3.49 ± 0.86*

 < 0.001

Baseline FEV1 (%-predicted)

94.73 ± 14.46

95.26 ± 13.87

95.60 ± 14.28

94.18 ± 13.57

0.071

Baseline FVC (%-predicted)

96.26 ± 13.19

96.27 ± 13.30

95.81 ± 13.61

93.10 ± 12.33*†‡

 < 0.001

Baseline FEV1/FVC (%)

78.68 ± 8.59

79.33 ± 7.90

79.76 ± 7.82*

80.06 ± 7.28*

 < 0.001

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables, median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed variables and percentage for categorical variables. P-trend was analyzed normally distributed continuous variables by the linear regression, for non-normally distributed continuous variable by Jonckheere-Terpstra tests, and for categorical variables by Cochran-Armitage test for trend
  2. *, †, and ‡ meant P < 0.05 when compared to < 1.05, 1.06–1.45, 1.45–2.03 groups of HOMA-IR, respectively, using Bonferroni post-hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann–Whitney U tests for non-normally distributed continuous variable, and Chi-square tests for categorical variables
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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