Table 1 Characteristics of patients with and without pneumococcal pneumonia
Variable and category (reference) | Case group (n = 164) | Control group (n = 4,054) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, yearsa | 76.2 ± 7.3 | 75.1 ± 6.7 | 0.127 |
65–69 | 32 (19.5) | 984 (24.3) | 0.153 |
70–74 | 44 (26.8) | 1,098 (27.1) | |
75–79 | 36 (22.0) | 950 (23.4) | |
80 + | 56 (34.1) | 1,063 (26.2) | |
Male (vs. female) | 113 (68.9) | 2,525 (62.3) | 0.100 |
Smoking | 0.001 | ||
Non-smokers | 37 (22.6) | 1,198 (29.6) | |
Current smokers | 108 (65.9) | 2,068 (51.0) | |
Ex-smokers | 19 (11.6) | 788 (19.4) | |
Chronic respiratory diseases (vs. absent) | |||
Asthma | 30 (18.3) | 685 (16.9) | 0.671 |
COPD | 42 (25.6) | 959 (23.6) | 0.574 |
Lung cancer | 45 (27.4) | 1,594 (39.3) | 0.002 |
Interstitial pneumonia | 29 (17.7) | 703 (17.3) | 0.916 |
NTM | 10 (6.1) | 449 (11.1) | 0.054 |
Othersb | 48 (29.3) | 746 (18.4) | 0.001 |
Diabetes (vs. absent) | 65 (39.6) | 1,209 (29.8) | 0.023 |
Chronic heart disease (vs. absent) | 95 (57.9) | 1,891 (46.6) | 0.005 |
Chronic kidney disease (vs. absent) | 13 (7.9) | 299 (7.4) | 0.761 |
Systemic corticosteroid user (vs. absent) | 65 (39.6) | 1,189 (29.3) | 0.007 |