Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: A nomogram for predicting postoperative pulmonary infection in esophageal cancer patients
Variable | Training cohort n = 446 (%) | Validation cohort n = 191 (%) |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 349 (78.3) | 170 (89.0) |
Female | 97 (21.7) | 21 (11.0) |
Age, X(SD), years | 59.77 (8.3) | 58.47 (8.7) |
Length of stay, X(SD), days | 23.89 (15.2) | 24.07 (12.0) |
Body Mass Index, X(SD), (kg/m2) | 23.19 (3.0) | 22.87 (2.8) |
Smoking | ||
Yes | 291 (65.2) | 131 (68.6) |
No | 155 (34.8) | 60 (31.4) |
Drinking | ||
Yes | 283 (63.5) | 124 (64.9) |
No | 163 (36.5) | 67 (35.1) |
Hypertension | ||
Yes | 91 (20.4) | 52 (27.2) |
No | 355 (79.6) | 139 (72.8) |
Diabetes mellitus | ||
Yes | 38 (8.5) | 16 (8.4) |
No | 408 (91.5) | 175 (91.6) |
Coronary heart disease | ||
Yes | 22 (4.9) | 11 (5.8) |
No | 424 (95.1) | 180 (94.2) |
COPD | ||
Yes | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0) |
No | 443 (99.3) | 191 (100) |
Pulmonary tuberculosis | ||
Yes | 27 (6.1) | 13 (93.2) |
No | 419 (93.9) | 178 (6.8) |
Tumor type | ||
Squamous cell carcinoma | 419 (93.9) | 181 (94.8) |
Adenocarcinoma | 14 (3.1) | 6 (3.1) |
Other | 13 (3.0) | 4 (2.1) |
Primary tumor site | ||
Upper | 26 (5.8) | 9 (4.7) |
Middle | 242 (54.3) | 108 (56.6) |
Lower | 137 (30.7) | 55 (28.8) |
Others | 41 (9.2) | 19 (9.9) |
AJCC pathological stage | ||
1 | 24 (5.4) | 11 (5.8) |
2 | 339 (76) | 136 (71.2) |
3 | 82 (18.4) | 44 (23) |
4 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) |
AJCC clinical stage | ||
1 | 50 (11.2) | 22 (11.5) |
2 | 225 (50.4) | 99 (51.9) |
3 | 171 (38.4) | 69 (36.1) |
4 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) |
Chemoradiotherapy | ||
Yes | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) |
No | 445 (99.8) | 191 (100) |
Lymph node metastasis | ||
Yes | 197 (44.2) | 87 (45.5) |
No | 249 (55.8) | 104 (54.5) |
FVC, X(SD), L | 3.45 (7.4) | 5.18 (27.1) |
FVC% pred, X(SD), % | 89.36 (14.7) | 90.93 (15.4) |
FEV1, X(SD), L | 2.70 (0.7) | 2.77 (0.7) |
FEV1% pred, X(SD), % | 98.16 (27.2) | 97.39 (18.4) |
Albumin (g/L), X(SD) | 33.34 (5.1) | 32.40 (3.8) |
Hemoglobin (g/L), X(SD) | 124.15 (62.1) | 120.69 (17.8) |
Pattern of anastomosis | ||
1 | 193 (43.3) | 82 (42.9) |
2 | 121 (27.1) | 49 (25.7) |
3 | 44 (9.9) | 13 (6.8) |
4 | 88 (19.7) | 47 (24.6) |
Surgery time, h | ||
≤ 3 | 153 (34.3) | 62 (32.5) |
> 3 | 293 (65.7) | 129 (67.5) |
Intraoperative bleeding, X(SD), ml | 183.36 (120.3) | 213.98 (159.8) |
Perioperative blood transfusion | ||
Yes | 271 (60.8) | 60 (31.4) |
No | 175 (39.2) | 131 (68.6) |
ASA score | ||
1 | 63 (14.1) | 27 (14.1) |
2 | 349 (78.3) | 155 (81.2) |
3 | 34 (7.6) | 9 (4.7) |
Postoperative pulmonary infection | ||
Yes | 95 (21.3%) | 36 (18.8%) |
No | 351 (78.7%) | 155 (81.2%) |