|
Characteristic
|
Prevalence (%)
|
95% CI
|
P
|
|---|
|
Race
| | |
0.002a
|
|
Han
|
2.07
|
1.86–2.29
| |
|
Minorities
|
3.32
|
2.50–4.38
| |
|
Sex
| | |
0.231a
|
|
Male
|
2.30
|
2.00–2.63
| |
|
Female
|
2.04
|
1.78–2.34
| |
|
Age group
| | |
< 0.001b
|
|
45–49 years
|
1.17
|
0.77–1.77
| |
|
50–59 years
|
1.45
|
1.19–1.78
| |
|
60–69 years
|
2.36
|
2.01–2.77
| |
|
≥ 70 years
|
3.45
|
2.92–4.06
| |
|
Education
| | |
< 0.001b
|
|
High-school or above
|
0.92
|
0.61–1.39
| |
|
Middle-school
|
1.64
|
1.29–2.07
| |
|
Primary education
|
2.40
|
1.97–2.92
| |
|
Literate
|
2.48
|
2.03–3.03
| |
|
Illiterate
|
2.89
|
2.42–3.46
| |
|
Residence setting
| | |
0.242b
|
|
Urban
|
1.88
|
1.49–2.37
| |
|
Urban–rural area
|
1.87
|
1.29–2.69
| |
|
Rural
|
2.28
|
2.04–2.55
| |
|
Geographic region
| | |
< 0.001b
|
|
Northeast
|
1.57
|
1.02–2.42
| |
|
East
|
1.87
|
1.55–2.26
| |
|
South Central
|
1.87
|
1.51–2.32
| |
|
Southwest
|
2.50
|
2.01–3.10
| |
|
North
|
2.68
|
2.12–3.38
| |
|
Northwest
|
3.16
|
2.34–4.27
| |
|
Smoking status
| | |
0.005a
|
|
Non-smokers
|
1.91
|
1.66–2.19
| |
|
Smokers
|
2.52
|
2.19–2.89
| |
|
Type of cooking
| | |
0.003a
|
|
Clean
|
1.95
|
1.73–2.20
| |
|
Unclean
|
2.65
|
2.26–3.11
| |
- The P value was calculated using Chi-square
- CI confidence interval
- aChi-square test
- bMantel–Haenszel chi-square test
