Variable | Description (n = 636) | Non-readmission group (n = 449) | Readmission group (n = 187) | Statistical magnitude | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 2.208 | 0.137 |
 Male | 425 (66.82) | 292 (65.03) | 133 (71.12) |  |  |
 Female | 211 (33.18) | 157 (34.97) | 54 (28.88) |  |  |
Age, mean ± SD | 70.82 ± 9.88 | 70.24 ± 9.73 | 72.21 ± 10.09 | t =  − 2.295 | 0.022 |
BMI, mean ± SD | 23.48 ± 2.95 | 23.50 ± 2.93 | 23.41 ± 2.99 | t = 0.375 | 0.708 |
Acute exacerbation in previous 1 year, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 56.542 |  < 0.001 |
 No | 430 (67.61) | 344 (76.61) | 86 (45.99) |  |  |
 Yes | 206 (32.39) | 105 (23.39) | 101 (54.01) |  |  |
Smoking status, n(%) |  |  |  | Z =  − 1.393 | 0.164 |
 Never smoked | 321 (50.47) | 220 (49.00) | 101 (54.01) |  |  |
 Smoked before | 93 (14.62) | 64 (14.25) | 29 (15.51) |  |  |
 Smoker at present | 222 (34.91) | 165 (36.75) | 57 (30.48) |  |  |
  Daily amount of smoking, M (Q1, Q3) | 0.00 (0.00, 15.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 15.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 10.00) | Z =  − 1.499 | 0.134 |
  Duration of smoking, M (Q1, Q3) | 0.00 (0.00, 30.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 30.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 30.00) | Z =  − 1.496 | 0.135 |
  Number of years of smoking packets, M (Q1, Q3) | 0.00 (0.00, 21.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 25.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 20.00) | Z =  − 1.597 | 0.110 |
LAMA, n(%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 7.802 | 0.005 |
 No | 479 (75.31) | 352 (78.40) | 127 (67.91) |  |  |
 Yes | 157 (24.69) | 97 (21.60) | 60 (32.09) |  |  |
SAMA, n(%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.410 | 0.522 |
 No | 634 (99.69) | 448 (99.78) | 186 (99.47) |  |  |
 Yes | 2 (0.31) | 1 (0.22) | 1 (0.53) |  |  |
LABA, n(%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 16.741 |  < 0.001 |
 No | 413 (64.94) | 314 (69.93) | 99 (52.94) |  |  |
 Yes | 223 (35.06) | 135 (30.07) | 88 (47.06) |  |  |
SABA, n(%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.993 | 0.319 |
 No | 555 (87.26) | 388 (86.41) | 167 (89.30) |  |  |
 Yes | 81 (12.74) | 61 (13.59) | 20 (10.70) |  |  |
PDE4I, n(%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.045 | 0.833 |
 No | 617 (97.01) | 436 (97.10) | 181 (96.79) |  |  |
 Yes | 19 (2.99) | 13 (2.90) | 6 (3.21) |  |  |
ICS, n(%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 11.089 |  < 0.001 |
 No | 422 (66.35) | 316 (70.38) | 106 (56.68) |  |  |
 Yes | 214 (33.65) | 133 (29.62) | 81 (43.32) |  |  |
Congestive heart-failure, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.399 | 0.528 |
 No | 572 (89.94) | 406 (90.42) | 166 (88.77) |  |  |
 Yes | 64 (10.06) | 43 (9.58) | 21 (11.23) |  |  |
Diabetes, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.008 | 0.929 |
 No | 498 (78.30) | 352 (78.40) | 146 (78.07) |  |  |
 Yes | 138 (21.70) | 97 (21.60) | 41 (21.93) |  |  |
Hypertension, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 1.650 | 0.199 |
 No | 280 (44.03) | 205 (45.66) | 75 (40.11) |  |  |
 Yes | 356 (55.97) | 244 (54.34) | 112 (59.89) |  |  |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.197 | 0.657 |
 No | 596 (93.71) | 422 (93.99) | 174 (93.05) |  |  |
 Yes | 40 (6.29) | 27 (6.01) | 13 (6.95) |  |  |
Combined with other diseases, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.034 | 0.855 |
 No | 432 (67.92) | 304 (67.71) | 128 (68.45) |  |  |
 Yes | 204 (32.08) | 145 (32.29) | 59 (31.55) |  |  |
Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD | 133.46 ± 17.34 | 133.57 ± 17.48 | 133.18 ± 17.01 | t = 0.258 | 0.796 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD | 78.73 ± 10.82 | 78.87 ± 10.99 | 78.40 ± 10.40 | t = 0.496 | 0.620 |
Respiratory rate, mean ± SD | 19.28 ± 2.53 | 19.20 ± 2.52 | 19.47 ± 2.53 | t =  − 1.203 | 0.229 |
Temperature, mean ± SD | 36.86 ± 0.56 | 36.87 ± 0.59 | 36.84 ± 0.46 | t = 0.783 | 0.434 |
Heart rate, mean ± SD | 81.65 ± 11.35 | 81.83 ± 11.85 | 81.22 ± 10.06 | t = 0.616 | 0.538 |
Hb, mean ± SD | 132.51 ± 17.26 | 132.80 ± 17.22 | 131.79 ± 17.32 | t = 0.678 | 0.498 |
RBC, mean ± SD | 4.33 ± 0.55 | 4.35 ± 0.56 | 4.28 ± 0.51 | t = 1.386 | 0.166 |
WBC, M (Q1, Q3) | 6.90 (5.53, 8.93) | 6.89 (5.50, 8.83) | 7.01 (5.71, 9.07) | Z = 0.922 | 0.356 |
PLT, M (Q1, Q3) | 188.50 (151.75, 235.00) | 190.00 (152.00, 234.00) | 183.00 (149.50, 240.00) | Z =  − 0.627 | 0.531 |
NEUT, M (Q1, Q3) | 4.68 (3.53, 6.65) | 4.64 (3.43, 6.65) | 4.96 (3.82, 6.62) | Z = 1.334 | 0.182 |
Percentage of neutrophils, mean ± SD | 70.54 ± 11.65 | 70.20 ± 11.65 | 71.37 ± 11.60 | t =  − 1.152 | 0.250 |
LYM, M (Q1, Q3) | 1.29 (0.91, 1.80) | 1.33 (0.92, 1.81) | 1.23 (0.85, 1.67) | Z =  − 1.389 | 0.165 |
Percentage of lymphocytes, M (Q1, Q3) | 19.42 (12.47, 27.13) | 19.80 (13.30, 27.80) | 17.60 (11.25, 25.25) | Z =  − 2.031 | 0.042 |
MONO, M (Q1, Q3) | 0.44 (0.33, 0.60) | 0.43 (0.33, 0.58) | 0.48 (0.34, 0.67) | Z = 2.438 | 0.015 |
Percentage of monocytes, M (Q1, Q3) | 6.30 (4.90, 8.00) | 6.20 (4.90, 7.90) | 6.50 (5.30, 8.30) | Z = 1.451 | 0.147 |
EOS, M (Q1, Q3) | 0.10 (0.03, 0.19) | 0.10 (0.03, 0.19) | 0.10 (0.03, 0.19) | Z = 0.048 | 0.962 |
Percentage of eosinophils, M(Q1, Q3) | 1.46 (0.40, 2.90) | 1.47 (0.40, 2.90) | 1.45 (0.40, 3.05) | Z = 0.007 | 0.995 |
RDW, Mean ± SD | 13.20 ± 1.05 | 13.16 ± 1.03 | 13.29 ± 1.08 | t =  − 1.342 | 0.180 |
ALT, M (Q1, Q3) | 15.50 (11.00, 23.00) | 16.22 (11.10, 25.00) | 13.30 (9.80, 19.95) | Z =  − 3.176 | 0.002 |
AST, M (Q1, Q3) | 18.00 (14.00, 23.10) | 19.00 (14.70, 23.80) | 16.50 (13.40, 21.30) | Z =  − 2.896 | 0.004 |
TBIL, M (Q1, Q3) | 9.35 (6.70, 13.30) | 9.60 (6.90, 13.60) | 8.70 (6.35, 12.30) | Z =  − 1.947 | 0.052 |
ALB, Mean ± SD | 39.89 ± 4.67 | 40.03 ± 4.73 | 39.55 ± 4.50 | t = 1.198 | 0.231 |
BUN, M (Q1, Q3) | 5.44 (4.45, 6.68) | 5.45 (4.48, 6.66) | 5.43 (4.39, 6.81) | Z = 0.053 | 0.958 |
Cr, M (Q1, Q3) | 76.20 (64.40, 93.75) | 75.40 (64.80, 90.90) | 78.80 (63.70, 98.15) | Z = 1.099 | 0.272 |
Uric acid, M (Q1, Q3) | 288.50 (226.00, 352.00) | 292.00 (229.00, 351.00) | 280.00 (224.50, 352.00) | Z =  − 0.121 | 0.903 |
Hypersensitive C-reactive protein, M (Q1, Q3) | 8.40 (2.00, 36.67) | 7.20 (2.00, 38.00) | 9.70 (2.15, 33.20) | Z = 0.429 | 0.668 |
mMRC grade, n (%) |  |  |  | Z = 5.763 |  < 0.001 |
 0 | 1 (0.16) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.22) |  |  |
 1 | 138 (21.70) | 22 (11.76) | 116 (25.84) |  |  |
 2 | 279 (43.87) | 73 (39.04) | 206 (45.88) |  |  |
 3 | 189 (29.72) | 75 (40.11) | 114 (25.39) |  |  |
 4 | 29 (4.56) | 17 (9.09) | 12 (2.67) |  |  |
CAT score, Mean ± SD | 20.28 ± 5.34 | 19.55 ± 5.02 | 22.04 ± 5.67 | t =  − 5.475 |  < 0.001 |
FEV1, M (Q1, Q3) | 1.60 (1.10, 2.21) | 1.62 (1.12, 2.21) | 1.60 (1.05, 2.19) | Z =  − 0.504 | 0.614 |
FVC, M (Q1, Q3) | 2.26 (1.66, 3.64) | 2.20 (1.65, 3.45) | 2.34 (1.70, 3.83) | Z = 1.379 | 0.168 |
FEV1/FVC, Mean ± SD | 67.25 ± 13.27 | 68.87 ± 13.48 | 63.36 ± 11.88 | t = 4.845 |  < 0.001 |
FEV1 in predicted value FEV1, mean ± SD | 56.81 (42.65, 67.80) | 58.40 (43.70, 68.42) | 52.60 (38.80, 65.70) | Z =  − 3.076 | 0.002 |
Use of systemic glucocorticoid, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 6.465 | 0.011 |
 No | 472 (74.21) | 346 (77.06) | 126 (67.38) |  |  |
 Yes | 164 (25.79) | 103 (22.94) | 61 (32.62) |  |  |
Antibacterial agents, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 0.012 | 0.913 |
 No | 13 (2.04) | 9 (2.00) | 4 (2.14) |  |  |
 Yes | 623 (97.96) | 440 (98.00) | 183 (97.86) |  |  |
Oxygen therapy, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 3.903 | 0.048 |
 No | 126 (19.81) | 98 (21.83) | 28 (14.97) |  |  |
 Yes | 510 (80.19) | 351 (78.17) | 159 (85.03) |  |  |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) |  |  |  | χ2 = 4.276 | 0.039 |
 No | 628 (98.74) | 446 (99.33) | 182 (97.33) |  |  |
 Noninvasive ventilation | 8 (1.26) | 3 (0.67) | 5 (2.67) |  |  |