BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 1 Comparison of imaging findings in patients with CF pulmonary exacerbation by different modalities

From: Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation

Findings	HRCT			Diagnostic performance
Findings	Positive (N)	Negative (N)	Total (N)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	DA (%)	AUC (95% CI)	P value
Pleural effusion
LUS (N)				Incalculable	96.7	0	100.0	96.7	–	–
Positive	0	1	1
Negative	0	29	29
Total	0	30	30
CXR (N)				Incalculable	96.7	0	100.0	96.7	–	–
Positive	0	1	1
Negative	0	29	29
Total	0	30	30
Atelectasis
LUS (N)				0	100.0	93.3	Incalculable	93.3	0.500 (0.079–0.921)	1.000
Positive	0	0	0
Negative	2	28	30
Total	2	28	30
CXR (N)				50	96.4	50	96.4	93.3	0.732 (0.281–1.000)	0.280
Positive	1	1	2
Negative	1	27	28
Total	2	28	30
Air bronchogram
LUS (N)				100.0	93.1	33.3	100.0	93.3	0.966 (0.889–1.000)	0.119
Positive	1	2	3
Negative	0	27	27
Total	1	29	30
CXR (N)				0	96.6	0	96.6	93.3	0.483 (0.000–1.000)	0.954
Positive	0	1	1
Negative	1	28	29
Total	1	29	30
Consolidation
LUS (N)				94.7	90.0	94.7	81.8	90.0	0.900 (0.766–1.000)	< 0.001
Positive	18	1	19
Negative	2	9	11
Total	20	10	30
CXR (N)				73.3	60.0	73.3	40.0	56.7	0.575 (0.355–0.795)	0.509
Positive	11	4	15
Negative	9	6	15
Total	20	10	30
Pleural thickening
LUS (N)				31.3	100.0	100.0	56.0	63.3	0.656 (0.459–0.853)	0.146
Positive	5	0	5
Negative	11	14	25
Total	16	14	30
CXR (N)				6.3	100.0	100.0	48.3	50.0	0.531 (0.322–0.741)	0.771
Positive	1	0	1
Negative	15	14	29
Total	16	14	30

N, Number; LUS, lung ultrasound; CXR, chest X-ray; HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; DA, diagnostic accuracy; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval

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