Cost-effectiveness and health impact of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography for never smokers in Japan and the United States: a modelling study

Table 3 Cumulative lifetime economic and health outcomes of LDCT

Country	Gender	60-year-old individuals (n)	Cost-saving (US$)	QALYs gain (QALYs)	LYs gain (LYs)	Deaths averted lung cancer (%)	Deaths averted lung cancer (n)
Compared with CXR
Japan	Male	5,463,770	30,435,384,408	712,476	928,841	1.24	67,719
	Female	7,588,028	86,157,505,123	1,626,873	2,091,261	2.07	157,030
United States	Male	14,904,704	− 53,169,550,579	16,395	23,848	0.005	750
	Female	16,977,059	− 66,502,535,515	32,256	44,140	0.009	1,559
Compared with no screening
Japan	Male	5,463,770	288,864,056,130	3,298,478	3,128,555	7.04	384,736
	Female	7,588,028	650,338,010,162	7,324,723	6,968,845	10.93	829,238
United States	Male	14,904,704	− 61,627,970,099	86,447	77,504	0.072	10,776
	Female	16,977,059	− 75,291,558,959	179,957	162,980	0.127	21,564

LDCT low-dose computed tomography, CXR chest X-ray, QALYs quality-adjusted life-years; LYs life expectancy life-years

ISSN: 1471-2466