Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of clinical factors for clinically significant bleeding occurring with transbronchial cryobiopsy
Variable | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence rate (%) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age (years) | ||||
 ≤ 70 | 8/57 (14.0) | 0.37 |  |  |
 > 70 | 17/82 (20.7) |  |  |  |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 13/88 (14.8) | 0.25 |  |  |
 Female | 12/51 (23.5) |  |  |  |
Body height (cm) | ||||
 ≤ 170 | 24/121 (19.8) | 0.20 | 2.58 (0.29–23.30) | 0.40 |
 > 170 | 1/18 (5.6) |  |  |  |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
 ≤ 25 | 22/103 (21.4) | 0.13 | 2.63 (0.62–11.10) | 0.19 |
 > 25 | 3/36 (8.3) |  |  |  |
Diameter of the lesion (mm) | ||||
 ≤ 20 | 10/47 (21.3) | 0.49 |  |  |
 > 20 | 15/92 (16.3) |  |  |  |
Lobar position | ||||
 Right upper lobe/left upper segment | 13/70 (18.6) | 1 |  |  |
 Right middle/left lingula | 3/17 (17.6) |  |  |  |
 Lower | 9/52 (17.3) |  |  |  |
Location area | ||||
 Inner area | 9/53 (17.0) | 1 |  |  |
 Outer area | 16/86 (18.6) |  |  |  |
Lesion appearance on CT | ||||
 GGN | 17/36 (47.2) | < 0.001 | 9.30 (3.40–25.40) |  < 0.001 |
 Solid nodule | 8/103 (7.8) |  |  |  |
Bronchus sign | ||||
 Positive | 18/104 (17.3) | 0.8 |  |  |
 Negative | 7/35 (20.0) |  |  |  |
R-EBUS image | ||||
 Within | 7/52 (13.5) | 0.41 |  |  |
 Adjacent to | 17/83 (20.5) |  |  |  |
 Invisible | 1/4 (25.0) |  |  |  |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
 Present | 2/16 (12.5) | 0.74 |  |  |
 Absent | 23/123 (18.7) |  |  |  |
Interstitial lung disease | ||||
 Present | 1/6 (16.7) | 1 |  |  |
 Absent | 24/133 (18.0) |  |  |  |
Bronchial asthma | ||||
 Present | 1/6 (16.7) | 1 |  |  |
 Absent | 24/133 (18.0) |  |  |  |
Using bridging anticoagulation therapy | ||||
 Present | 1/5 (20.0) | 1 |  |  |
 Absent | 24/134 (17.9) |  |  |  |
Cryoprobe size (mm) | ||||
 1.9 | 24/129 (18.6) | 0.69 |  |  |
 2.4 | 1/10 (10.0) |  |  |  |
Number of cryobiopsies taken | ||||
 1 biopsy | 24/120 (20.0) | 0.20 | 0.29 (0.032–2.69) | 0.28 |
 ≥ 2 biopsies | 1/19 (5.3) |  |  |  |
Freezing time of cryobiopsy (s) | ||||
 ≤ 5 | 12/59 (20.3) | 0.66 |  |  |
 > 5 | 13/80 (16.3) |  |  |  |
Sample size (mm2) | ||||
 ≤ 15 | 15/103 (14.6) | 0.084 | 0.5 (0.17–1.46) | 0.21 |
 > 15 | 10/36 (27.8) |  |  |  |