Table 2 Principal characteristics of studies in adults included in the meta-analysis
From: Prevalence of chronic cough in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
References | City | Diagnostic criteria | Age (y) | Events | Total | Prevalence (%) | Bias score | GRADEa | Source of information | Journal classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Koo et al. [36] | Hongkong | Cough more than 3Â months | 37.8 | 18 | 314 | 5.7 | 4 | Low | Cluster random sampling | SCIb |
Lai et al. [30] | Hongkong | Not mentioned | ≥ 70 | 203 | 2032 | 10 | 4 | Low | Stratified random sampling | SCI |
Zhang et al. [35] | Lanzhou | Cough more than 3 months | 18–49 | 83 | 1494 | 5.556 | 4 | Very low | Cluster random sampling | Other |
Zhang et al. [35] | Wuhan | Cough more than 3 months | 18–49 | 47 | 1524 | 3.08 | 4 | Very low | Cluster random sampling | Other |
Zhang et al. [35] | Guangzhou | Cough more than 3 months | 18–49 | 8 | 1090 | 0.73 | 4 | Very low | Cluster random sampling | Other |
Venners et al. [33] | Anhui | Cough in the morning for three or more months during the winter | ≥ 18 | 73 | 2525 | 2.89 | 4 | Moderate | Random samples | SCI |
Venners et al. [33] | Beijing | Cough in the morning for three or more months during the winter | ≥ 18 | 92 | 1184 | 7.81 | 4 | Moderate | Random samples | SCI |
Chen et al. [28] | Guangzhou | Cough more than 3 weeks | 21 ± 1 | 36 | 1087 | 3.3 | 6 | Low | Cluster random sampling | The core journal of China |
Wilson et al. [37] | Liaoning | Cough more than 3 months | 47.7 ± 15.2 | 729 | 31,704 | 2.3 | 5 | Low | Cluster random sampling | SCI |
Pan et al. [53] | Guangzhou | Cough more than 8 weeks | 20 ± 4 | 58 | 2588 | 2.24 | 4 | Very low | Census | Other |
Wang et al. [27] | Beijing | Not mentioned | ≥ 18 | 118 | 7614 | 1.55 | 8 | Very low | Cluster random sampling | The core journal of China |
Wang [29] | Gansu | Cough more than 3 months, for as much as 2 year | ≥ 40 | 175 | 728 | 24.04 | 5 | Very low | Not mentioned | The core journal of China |
Li [32] | Shenzhen | Cough more than 3 weeks | ≥ 18 | 53 | 1468 | 3.6 | 5 | Low | Cluster random sampling | Other |
Yue [26] | Xi’an | Not mentioned | ≥ 60 | 73 | 758 | 9.6 | 8 | Low | Cluster random sampling | Other |
Hu et al. [38] | Beijing | Cough more than 8 weeks | ≥ 35 | 156 | 1003 | 15.6 | 7 | Moderate | Stratified random sampling | SCI |
Huang et al. [40] | Foshan | Cough more than 8 weeks, which is the main or only symptom | ≥ 18 | 153 | 1769 | 8.65 | 5 | Low | Multi-stage random sampling | The core journal of China |
Zhang et al. [39] | Beijing | Cough more than 3 months | ≥ 20 | 1894 | 26,166 | 7.2 | 6 | Moderate | Cluster random sampling | SCI |
Li [31] | China | Cough more than 3 months | ≥ 40 | 2971 | 56,066 | 5.3 | 7 | Moderate | Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling | The core journal of China |