Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study patients

Patients demographics

 Age, years

55 (33–75)

 Sex, male

10 (66)

 BMI, kg/m²

22.3 (18.3–27.7)

Smoking (N = 13)

 Non-smoker

7/13 (53.8)

 Ever-smoker

6/13 (46.2)

 Pack year, years

13.8 (5.0–35.0)

Underlying diseases

 DM

2 (13.3)

 HTN

7 (46.7)

 Heart disease

3 (20.0)

 Kidney transplantation

1 (6.7)

 Bone marrow transplantation

3 (20.0)

Clinical presentations and vital signs

 Fever

13 (86.7)

 Dyspnea

11 (73.3)

 Cough

12 (80.0)

 Sputum

6 (40.0)

 SpO₂, % (N = 14)

90.5 (68–98)

 PaO₂, mmHg (N = 8)

54.6 (40.6–72.2)

Laboratory findings

 WBC, × 10³/μl

8.21 (0.96–16.40)

 CRP, mg/dL

9.74 (0.30–28.33)

 Procalcitonin, ng/mL (N = 13)

0.26 (0.05–1.69)

 LDH, IU/L (N = 8)

484.5 (167–845)

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell analysis (N = 13)

 WBC, /μl

200 (4–900)

 Neutrophil, %

30.0 (3–93)

 Lymphocyte, %

12.5 (3–55)