Table 1 Subjects’ characteristics

Sex (M/F)

44/0

Age

77.8 ± 9.36

BMI

23.3 ± 3.47

COPD stage (I/II/III/IV)

28/11/5/0

Therapy

ICS + LABA + LAMA

7

ICS + LABA

20

LABA + LAMA

10

ICS + LAMA

3

ICS/LABA/LAMA

1/1/1

Diskus/Turbuhaler

12/5

FVC (L)

3.42 ± 0.79

%FVC (% of predicted)

110.5 ± 20.6

FEV₁ (L)

1.88 ± 0.78

%FEV₁ (% of predicted)

93.6 ± 33.6

FEV₁/FVC (%)

54.6 ± 15.6

PIFRs (L/min)

187.3 ± 60.9

DLCO/VA (%)^†

65.7 (30.7, 100.7)

Distance of 6MWT(m)^#

442.0 ± 102.6

Hand grip strength (kgf)

28.7 (13.8, 43.6)

FENO (ppb)

17.0 (6.0, 34.0)

R5 (cmH₂O/L/s)

3.31 (0.89, 5.73)

R20 (cmH₂O/L/s)

2.32 (0.79, 4.11)

X5 (cmH₂O/L/s)

− 0.53 (− 2.32, 1.26)

Fres (Hz)

7.73 (4.0, 16.84)

ALX (cmH₂O/L/s*Hz)

1.75 (0, 11.9)

PIF(D) (L/min)

110 (80, 140)

PIF(T) (L/min)

80 (70, 90)

PImax (cmH₂O)*

139.7 (94.4, 185)