Dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation in flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized controlled trial

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 3 Literature review—randomized controlled trials who evaluated dexmedetomidine sedation in flexible bronchoscopy procedures

References	Design	Procedure	Intervention (n)	Comparator (n)	DEX dose	Primary outcome
Ryu et al. [16]	RCT	FB	PRF– DEX (36)	PRF –rFEN (36)	0.4–2 μg/kg /H	SpO2
Liao et al. [27]	RCT	FB	DEX (99)	MDZ (99)	0.5 μg/kg /H	SpO2
Goneppanavar 2015²⁶	RCT	FB	DEX (27)	MDZ (27)	1 μg/kg once	Other^a
Yuan et al. [18]	RCT	FB	DEX-FEN (50)	PRF-FEN (50)	0.2–0.7 μg/kg /H	SpO2
Riachy et al. [25]	RCT	FB	LID + DEX (53)	LID (54) ID + FEN (55)	0.5 μg/kg once	Other ^b
Li et al. [24]	RCT	FB	DEX + FEN + PRF (57)	FEN + PRF (57)	0.5–1 mg/kg once	SpO2
St-Pierre et al. [20]	RCT	EBUS-TBNA	DEX (30)	rFEN (30)	0.5–1.0 μg/kg /H	SpO2
Magazine et al. [23]	RCT	FB	DEX (27)	MDZ (27)	0.5 μg/kg once	Other ^a
Lin et al. [19]	RCT	EBUS-TBNA	DEX (25)	PRF (25)	0.5–1.4 μg/kg /H	SpO2
Kim et al. [22]	RCT	EBUS-TBNA	DEX (48)	MDZ (54)	0.25–0.75 μg/kg /H	SpO2
Kumari et al. [21]	RCT	EBUS-TBNA	DEX (99)	MDZ (98)	0.6 μg/kg /H	Other ^c
Zhang et al. [17]	RCT	FB	DEX (222)	FEN (211)	1 μg/kg once	SpO2
Pertzov 2021 (current study)	RCT	FB	DEX (30)	PRF (33)	0.5 μg kg /H	SpO2

FB – flexible bronchoscopy; CS – Conscious sedation; GA – general anesthesia; MDS – Moderate to deep sedation; DEX – dexmedetomidine; PRF – propofol; MDZ – midazolam; FEN – fentanyl; rFEN – remifentanil; LID – lidocaine; EBUS-TBNA– endobronchial ultrasound ‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration
^aComposite outcome: sedation, cough, calmness, respiratory response, physical movement, facial tension
^bProcedure tolerance, sedation level, safety
^cNumber of rescue midazolam boluses

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