Typical antipsychotics is associated with increased risk of severe exacerbation in asthma patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 4 Risk of severe asthma exacerbation of antipsychotics with high blocking affinity of receptor

Characteristics	Number (%)		Conditional logistic regression			P value
Characteristics	Case period	Control period	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	P value
No antipsychotics use	17,927	18,037	Ref		Ref
Antipsychotics with high blocking affinity^b,c
β2 adrenergic receptor	302 (1.7)	276 (1.5)	1.37 (0.98–1.92)	0.064	1.25 (0.87–1.81)	0.227
M2 muscarinic receptor	442 (2.4)	356 (1.9)	1.60 (1.29–1.99)	< 0.001	1.39 (1.10–1.76)	0.007
D1 dopaminergic receptor	391 (2.1)	357 (1.9)	1.34 (1.04–1.73)	0.025	1.17 (0.88–1.55)	0.283
D2 dopaminergic receptor	535 (2.9)	440 (2.4)	1.52 (1.26–1.84)	< 0.001	1.33 (1.08–1.63)	0.008

^aAdjusted for heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity disorder, rhinosinusitis, schizophrenia, pneumonia, acute upper airway infection, antiplatelet agents, cardioselective β-blocker, non-selective β-blocker, NSAID, anti-psychotics, anti-depressants, bladder anticholinergic agents, gastrointestinal tract anticholinergic agents, first generation anti-histamine, second/third generation anti-histamine, short-acting beta-agonist, short-acting muscarinic antagonist, short-acting beta-agonist plus short-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta-agonist plus long-acting beta-agonist, long-acting beta-agonist, xanthine inhibitor, leukotriene receptor antagonist
^bHigh blocking affinity is defined as Ki value < 100 (see Additional file 1: Table S4)
^cAntipsychotics without Ki (inhibitory constant) value were excluded from analysis

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