Table 1 General characteristics of women with GDM in OSA and non-OSA groups

Age (years)

37 (33–39)

38 (35–40)

35 (32–39)

0.120

Gestational age (weeks) at plasma sampling

36 (34–37)

36 (34–36.5)

36 (34.75–38)

0.551

BMI before pregnancy (kg/m²)

26.7 (23.3–30.1)

29.2 (24.9–32.4)

25.76 (23.2–29.1)

0.15

Obese before pregnancy n (%)

13 (25.5)

6 (35.3)

7 (20.6)

0.256

First pregnancy n (%)

26 (52)

8 (50)

18 (52.9)

0.846

Pre-gestational smoker n (%)

No

27 (52.9)

7 (41.2)

20 (58.8)

0.393

Yes

15 (29.4)

7 (41.2)

8 (23.5)

Former smoker

9 (17.6)

3 (17.6)

6 (17.6)

Neck circumference (cm)

35.4 ± 3

35.1 ± 3.6

35.5 ± 2.8

0.634

Waist (cm)

110.2 ± 9.4

111 ± 11.4

109.8 ± 8.4

0.689

Hip circumference (cm)

115.7 ± 13.4

127.8 ± 18.3

112.1 ± 9.4

0.008

Glucose (mg/dL)

76.8 ± 8.9

74.5 ± 6.7

78 ± 9.6

0.186

Insulin (µUI/mL)^†

11.8 (8.9–16.9)

18.2 (13.4–25.5)

13.4 (11.5–13.9)

0.137

HOMA-IR^†

2.6 (1.7–3.2)

2.7 (1.8–4.9)

2.6 (1.2–2.8)

0.22

QUICKI^†

0.33 (0.32–0.35)

0.33 (0.30–0.35)

0.33 (0.33–0.37)

0.202

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

259 ± 57

258 ± 65

259 ± 54

0.952

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

221 (162–293)

216 (159–299)

232 (161–293)

0.865

HDL (mg/dL)

66 (58–75)

70 (60–82.5)

61 (50.5–72.5)

0.029

LDL (mg/dL)

144.9 ± 42.9

137.7 ± 35.3

148.5 ± 46

0.415

ALT (U/L)

16 (13–21)

17 (13.5–24)

15.5 (12–19.5)

0.275

GGT (U/L)

11 (7–16)

10 (7–15.5)

11 (7.8–16.5)

0.574

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.4 ± 0.14

12.8 ± 0.89

12.1 ± 1.04

0.032

Leucocytes (10³/uL)

8.5 ± 2.06

8.79 ± 2.18

8.36 ± 2.02

0.496

Platelets (10³/uL)

213 ± 8

195 ± 47

222 ± 60

0.112

Systolic BP (mmHg)

109 ± 12

111 ± 13

109 ± 12

0.990

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

68 ± 10

71 ± 11

66 ± 9

0.098