Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses of clinical characteristics for overall survival rates in patients with PPC

Age

≤ 66 years

Reference

Reference

> 66 years

1.237 (1.008–1.519)

1.300 (1.040–1.624)

Gender

Male

Reference

Reference

Female

0.781 (0.633–0.962)

0.807 (0.645–1.010)

Marital status

Married

Reference

Reference

Single

1.523 (1.110–2.089)

1.367 (0.973–1.922)

S/D/W

1.144 (0.914–1.431)

1.180 (0.928–1.501)

Summary stage

Localized

Reference

Reference

Regional

1.657 (1.174–2.340)

1.764 (1.239–2.514)

Distant

6.247 (4.430–8.809)

4.223 (2.755–6.473)

Laterality

Left

Reference

Reference

Right

0.953 (0.770–1.178)

1.090 (0.872–1.362)

Bilateral

2.625(1.696–4.063)

0.726 (0.432–1.220)

Primary site

Upper lobe

Reference

Reference

Main Bronchus

2.410 (1.181–4.915)

1.443 (0.695–2.998)

Middle lobe

1.263 (0.778–2.048)

1.304 (0.785–2.166)

Lower lobe

1.144 (0.881–1.485)

1.126 (0.859–1.476)

Overlapping lesions

2.290 (1.734–3.026)

1.610 (1.150–2.255)

Surgery

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

0.253 (0.202–0.316)

0.470 (0.339–0.653)

Chemotherapy

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

0.803 (0.649–0.995)

0.683 (0.535–0.873)

Radiation

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

1.071 (0.799–1.435)

0.938 (0.738–1.193)