Table 3 General characteristics of the study sample stratified in relation to the presence or absence of small airway dysfunction
From: Small airway dysfunction in pneumoconiosis: a cross-sectional study
| Â | Small airway dysfunction | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Presence (n = 739) | Absence (n = 376) | ||
Age, yrs | 59.5 (51.0–68.0) | 55.0 (47.0–65.8) |  < 0.001 |
Sex | 0.003 | ||
 Men | 529 (71.6) | 300 (79.8) |  |
 Women | 210 (28.4) | 76 (20.2) |  |
Smoking exposure, pack-yrs | 0.017 | ||
 0 | 330 (44.7) | 165 (43.9) |  |
 1–19 | 229 (31.0) | 143 (38.0) |  |
  ≥ 20 | 180 (24.4) | 68 (18.1) |  |
Cumulative pack-yrs | 15.0 (5.0–28.1) | 10.0 (5.0–20.0) |  < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3 (22.9–27.7) | 24.8 (22.9–27.5) | 0.439 |
Duration of exposure, yrs | 12.0 (6.0–21.0) | 12.0 (6.0–22.0) | 0.840 |
Stage of pneumoconiosis |  < 0.001 | ||
 I | 366 (49.5) | 233 (62.0) |  |
 II | 190 (25.7) | 96 (25.5) |  |
 III | 183 (24.8) | 47 (12.5) |  |
Types of pneumoconiosis | 0.059 | ||
 Asbestosis | 232 (31.4) | 107 (28.5) |  |
 Silicosis | 239 (32.3) | 102 (27.1) |  |
  Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis | 189 (25.6) | 114 (30.3) |  |
  Other pneumoconiosis | 79 (10.7) | 53 (14.1) |  |
Cough | 595 (80.5) | 267 (71.0) |  < 0.001 |
Expectoration | 373 (50.5) | 154 (41.0) | 0.003 |
Dyspnea | 453 (61.3) | 239 (63.6) | 0.461 |