Small airway dysfunction in pneumoconiosis: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis for risk factors of small airway obstruction in the total patients with pneumoconiosis*

	Unadjusted			Adjusted
	OR	95%CI	p Value	OR	95%CI	p Value
Age, yrs
20–39	1.00	(ref)		1.00	(ref)
40–59	2.34	1.22–4.49	0.010	2.02	1.02–3.98	0.043
≥ 60	3.35	1.74–6.45	< 0.001	3.20	1.55–6.62	0.002
Sex
Men	1.00	(ref)		1.00	(ref)
Women	1.57	1.16–2.11	0.003	1.76	1.17–2.64	0.007
Smoking exposure, pack-yrs
0	1.00	(ref)		1.00	(ref)
1–19	0.80	0.61–1.06	0.153	1.15	0.81–1.61	0.435
≥ 20	1.45	1.06–1.98	0.020	1.72	1.16–2.56	0.007
BMI^‡, kg/m²
< 18.5	1.74	0.55–5.47	0.343	1.58	0.49–5.01	0.448
18.5–24.9	1.00	(ref)		1.00	(ref)
≥ 25.0	1.29	1.01–1.66	0.044	1.32	1.01–1.72	0.039
Exposure duration, yrs
~ 4	1.00	(ref)		1.00	(ref)
5–10	0.98	0.66–1.45	0.910	0.91	0.60–1.37	0.642
11–15	1.07	0.68–1.69	0.784	1.03	0.63–1.66	0.916
16 ~	0.95	0.65–1.39	0.796	0.74	0.50–1.11	0.148
Types of pneumoconiosis
Asbestosis	1.00	(ref)		1.00	(ref)
Silicosis	1.08	0.78–1.50	0.641	1.30	0.88–1.93	0.194
Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis	0.77	0.55–1.06	0.107	1.06	0.68–1.64	0.812
Other pneumoconiosis	0.69	0.45–1.04	0.078	1.23	0.75–2.09	0.381
Stage of pneumoconiosis
I/II	1.00	(ref)		1.00	(ref)
III	2.30	1.63–3.26	< 0.001	2.67	1.83–3.88	< 0.001

OR odds rate, BMI body-mass index
*All variables in the table were included in the multivariable model, while adjusting for exposure duration and types of pneumoconiosis
^‡BMI was categorized as: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m²) and overweight/obese (≥ 25.0 kg/m²)

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