Table 3 Radiographic and histopathological features of groups with and without radiographic ILA/ILD patterns in the cohort (N = 352)
Variables, values, n (%) or mean ± SD | Group with ILA-ILD (N = 186, 52.8%) | No ILA-ILD (N = 166, 47.2%) | Total cohort (N = 352) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CT chest findings: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Emphysema (any) | 157 (44.6) | 91 (25.8) | 248 (70.4) | < 0.001 |
  a. Centrilobular emphysema | 141 (40.0) | 78 (22.2) | 219 (62.2) | < 0.001 |
  b. Paraseptal emphysema | 62 (17.6) | 34 (9.6) | 96 (27.2) | 0.006 |
  c. Bullous emphysema | 12 (3.4) | 11 (3.1) | 23 (6.5) | 0.957 |
  d. Panacinar emphysema | 17 (4.8) | 16 (4.6) | 33 (9.4) | 0.885 |
  e. Combination patterns | 64 (18.2) | 36 (10.2) | 100 (28.4) | 0.007 |
 2. Isolated traction bronchiectasis | 36 (10.2) | 15 (4.3) | 51 (14.5) | 0.005 |
 3. Isolated honeycombing | 4 (1.1) | 4 (1.1) | 8 (2.2) | 0.876 |
 4. Pleural plaques | 15 (4.2) | 8 (2.2) | 23 (6.5) | 0.288 |
Pathological findings: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Primary lung cancer pathology in the resected nodule | 175 (49.8) | 148 (42.2) | 323 (92) | 0.060 |
  a. Adenocarcinoma | 95 (27.0) | 81 (23.0) | 176 (50.0) | 0.669 |
  b. Squamous cell | 56 (15.9) | 40 (11.4) | 96 (27.3) | 0.206 |
  c. Large cell | 8 (2.2) | 3 (0.9) | 11 (3.1) | 0.227 |
  d. Small cell/neuroendocrine | 12 (3.4) | 21 (5.9) | 33 (9.3) | 0.065 |
  e. Mixed | 3 (0.9) | 0 | 3 (0.9) | 0.250 |
 2. Emphysema | 123 (34.9) | 65 (18.5) | 188 (53.4) | < 0.001 |
 3. Any fibrosis++ | 56 (15.9) | 16 (4.6) | 72 (20.5) | < 0.001 |
 4. Peribronchiolar metaplasia | 28 (8.0) | 4 (1.1) | 32 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
 5. RB | 36 (10.3) | 9 (2.5) | 45 (12.8) | < 0.001 |
 6. DIP | 10 (2.8) | 3 (0.9) | 13 (3.7) | 0.074 |
 7. Cellular interstitial pneumonia | 3 (0.9) | 0 | 3 (0.9) | 0.250 |
 8. OP | 14 (4.0) | 7 (2.0) | 21 (6.0) | 0.186 |
 9. Anthracosis | 77 (21.9) | 51 (14.4) | 128 (36.3) | 0.043 |
 10. Granuloma-necrotizing | 3 (0.9) | 9 (2.5) | 12 (3.4) | 0.063 |
 11. Granuloma-non-necrotizing, sarcoid like | 7 (2) | 5 (1.4) | 12 (3.4) | 0.691 |
 12. Granuloma-loosely formed, HP like | 2 (0.6) | 0 | 2 (0.6) | 0.500 |
 13. Granuloma-calcified | 6 (1.7) | 4 (1.1) | 10 (2.8) | 0.639 |
 14. Miscellaneous* | 20 (5.7) | 9 (2.5) | 29 (8.2) | 0.072 |
  a. Chronic inflammation | 4 (1.1) | 0 |  |  |
  b. Silicotic nodule | 0 | 3 (0.9) |  |  |
  c. Consolidation/necrosis | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) |  |  |
  d. Metaplastic bone/calcification | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) |  |  |
  e. Pleural plaque | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) |  |  |