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Table 3 Diagnosis, antibiotic treatment and bacteria—Sim, SN, SP, PPV, NPV compared to all samples

From: Validation of nasal tracheal aspiration in children with lung disease

 

NTA

p-value

  

Positive

Negative

Results

95% CI

Statistics by diagnosis

All samples (N = 173)

Coherence growtha

BAL

Positive

73

26

Sim: 122 (71%)

63–79

 
 

Negative

25

49

SN: 74%

64–81

 
    

SP: 66%

55–76

 
    

PPV: 75%

65–82

 
    

NPV: 65%

54–75

 

Concordance bacteriab

BAL

Positive

35

26

Sim: 84 (49%)

41–56

 
 

Negative

25

49

SN: 35%

27–45

 
 

38 samples had different growth composition

SP: 66%

55–76

 
    

PPV: 36%

27–46

 
    

NPV: 64%

54–64

 

Cystic Fibrosis (33)

Coherence growth

BAL

Positive

24

2

Sim: 29 (88%)

73–95

(0.036)c

 

Negative

2

5

SN: 92%

76–99

(0.025)

    

SP: 71%

36–95

(0.58)

    

PPV: 92%

76–99

(0.025)

    

NPV: 71%

36–95

(0.51)

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

13

2

Sim: 18 (55%)

38–70

(0.50)

 

Negative

2

5

SN: 50%

32–68

(0.10)

 

11 samples had different growth composition

SP: 71%

36–95

(0.58)

    

PPV: 50%

32–68

(0.13)

    

NPV: 71%

36–95

(0.51)

Rare lung diseases (36)

Coherence growth

BAL

Positive

12

6

Sim: 26 (72%)

56–84

(0.84)

 

Negative

4

14

SN: 67%

44–83

(0.39)

    

SP: 78%

55–91

(0.16)

    

PPV: 75%

51–90

(0.90)

    

NPV: 70%

48–86

(0.56)

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

4

6

Sim: 18 (50%)

35–66

(0.88)

 

Negative

4

14

SN: 22%

9–45

(0.13)

 

8 samples had different growth composition

SP: 78%

55–91

(0.16)

    

PPV: 25%

10–50

(0.21)

    

NPV: 70%

48–86

(0.56)

Airway malformation (75)

Coherence growth

Positive

29

14

Sim: 47 (63%)

51–73

(0.26)

 

Negative

14

18

SN: 67%

53–80

(0.36)

    

SP: 56%

40–72

(0.13)

    

PPV: 67%

53–80

(0.26)

    

NPV: 56%

40–72

(0.18)

Concordance bacteria

Positive

11

14

Sim: 29 (39%)

29–50

(0.16)

 

Negative

14

18

SN: 26%

15–40

(0.16)

 

18 samples had different growth composition

SP: 56%

40–72

(0.13)

    

PPV: 26%

15–40

(0.12)

    

NPV: 56%

40–72

(0.18)

Other lung-related diseases (29)

Coherence growth

BAL

Positive

8

4

Sim: 20 ( 69%)

51–83

(0.89)

 

Negative

5

12

SN: 67%

39–86

(0.43)

    

SP: 71%

47–87

(0.6)

    

PPV: 62%

36–82

(0.18)

    

NPV: 75%

51–90

(0.29)

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

7

4

Sim: 19 (66%)

47–80

(0.083)

 

Negative

5

12

SN: 58%

32–81

(0.018)

 

1 samples had different growth composition

SP: 71%

47–87

(0.6)

    

PPV: 54%

29–77

(0.06)

    

NPV: 75%

51–90

(0.29)

Statistics concerning antibiotic treatment

Sample on antibioticse (58)

Coherence growth

BAL

Positive

23

5

Sim: 42 ( 72%)

60–82

(0.81)

 

Negative

11

19

SN: 82%

64–92

(0.21)

    

SP: 63%

46–78

(0.68)

    

PPV: 68%

51–81

(0.38)

    

NPV: 79%

60–91

(0.047)

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

13

5

Sim: 32 (55%)

43–67

(0.40)

 

Negative

11

19

SN: 46%

30–64

(0.13)

 

10 samples had different growth composition

SP: 63%

46–78

(0.68)

    

PPV: 38%

24–55

(0.78)

    

NPV: 79%

54–91

(0.047)

Sample with no antibiotics (115)

Coherence growth

BAL

Positive

50

21

Sim: 80 (70%)

61–77

(0.96) [0.79]d

 

Negative

14

30

SN: 70%

59–80

(0.48) [0.09]

    

SP: 68%

53–80

(0.72) [0.51]

    

PPV: 78%

67–87

(0.44) [0.15]

    

NPV: 59%

45–71

(0.30) [0.009]

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

22

21Uden

Sim: 52 (45%)

36–54

(0.55) [0.21]

 

Negative

14

30

SN: 31%

21–43

(0.48) [0.05]

 

28 samples had different growth composition

SP: 68%

32–53

(0.72) [0.51]

    

PPV: 34%

24–47

(0.72) [0.60]

    

NPV: 59%

25–71

(0.30) [0.009]

Statistics for all samples when common upper airway tract bacteria omitted

All samples—without H. influenzaf

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

35

26

Sim: 98 (57%)

49–64

(0.12)

 

Negative

11

63

SN: 35%

27–45

(1.00)

 

38 samples had different growth composition

SP: 85%

75–92

(< 0.001)

    

PPV: 42%

32–52

(0.25)

    

NPV: 71%

61–79

(0.23)

All samples—without Moraxellaf

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

40

26

Sim: 93 (54%)

46–61

(0.32)

 

Negative

21

53

SN: 40%

31–50

(0.34)

 

33 samples had different growth composition

SP: 72%

61–81

(0.23)

    

PPV: 43%

33–53

(0.18)

    

NPV: 67%

56–76

(0.69)

All samples—without S. pneumoniaf

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

37

26

Sim: 88 (51%)

44–58

(0.66)

 

Negative

23

51

SN: 37%

29–47

(0.70)

 

36 samples had different growth composition

SP: 69%

58–78

(0.55)

    

PPV: 39%

29–49

(0.56)

    

NPV: 66%

55–76

(0.84)

All samples—without H. influenza or Moraxellag

Concordance bacteria

BAL

Positive

40

25

Sim: 107 (62%)

54–69

(0.012)

 

Negative

7

68

SN: 41%

32–51

(0.25)

 

33 samples had different growth composition

SP: 91%

82–95

(< 0.001)

    

PPV: 50%

39–61

(0.009)

    

NPV: 73%

63–81

(0.11)

  1. Bold: p-values ≤ 0.05 are statistically significant
  2. NTA nasal tracheal aspiration, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, CI confidence interval, Sim similarity, SN sensitivity, SP specificity, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, H. influenza: Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella: Moraxella catarrhalis, S. pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumonia
  3. aCoherence growth: Agreement is only based on positive growth or not in NTA and BAL
  4. bConcordance bacteria: Complete concordance concerning pathogen bacteria between NTA and BAL
  5. cThe (p-values) are calculated in relation to”All samples”
  6. dThe [p-value] are calculated in relation to”with antibiotics”
  7. eThe samples are placed in this group if the patient received antibiotics less than or three days before the examination or during the examinations—except if the treatment started the same day
  8. fIf the bacteria was the only difference between the culture in NTA and BAL it was removed for the statistical analysis
  9. gIf one of H. Influenza or Moraxella was the only difference between the culture in NTA and BAL it was removed for the statistical analysis
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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