Table 1 Association of STAS with clinicopathologic characteristics
Data |  | All patients (n = 3075) | STAS | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (n = 617) | Absent (n = 2458) | ||||
N (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Patient characteristics | |||||
Age |  ≥ 60 | 1591(51.74) | 377(23.70) | 1214(76.30) |  < 0.001 |
|  |  < 60 | 1484(48.26) | 240(16.17) | 1244(83.83) |  |
Sex | Female | 1663(54.08) | 262(15.75) | 1401(84.25) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | Male | 1412(45.92) | 355(25.14) | 1057(74.86) | Â |
Smoking | Never | 2486(80.85) | 458(18.42) | 2028(81.58) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | Former/current | 589(19.15) | 159(26.99) | 430(73.01) | Â |
Tumor site | Left | 1191(38.73) | 234(19.65) | 957(80.35) | 0.809 |
| Â | Right | 1853(60.26) | 376(20.29) | 1477(79.71) | Â |
| Â | Bilateral | 31(1.01) | 7(22.58) | 24(77.42) | Â |
Surgery form | Thoracotomy | 145(4.72) | 47(32.41) | 98(67.59) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | Thoracoscopic surgery | 2930(95.28) | 570(19.45) | 2360(80.55) | Â |
Surgery types | Sublobectomy | 1232(40.07) | 101(8.20) | 1131(91.80) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | Lobectomy or pneumonectomy | 1843(59.93) | 516(28.00) | 1327(72.00) | Â |
CEA |  < 5 | 2056(86.31) | 260(12.65) | 1796(87.35) |  < 0.001 |
|  |  ≥ 5 | 326(13.69) | 131(40.18) | 195(59.82) |  |
Pathological characteristics | |||||
Postoperative pathology | Squamous cell carcinoma | 227(7.38) | 40(17.62) | 187(82.38) | 0.604 |
| Â | Adenocarcinoma | 2783(90.50) | 563(20.23) | 2220(79.77) | Â |
| Â | Large Cell carcinoma | 65(2.11) | 14(21.54) | 51(78.46) | Â |
Pathological grade | well | 534(17.37) | 0(0) | 534(100) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | moderately | 1699(55.25) | 265(15.60) | 1434(84.40) | Â |
| Â | poorly | 842(27.38) | 352(41.81) | 490(58.19) | Â |
ADC type | AIS + MIA + LEP | 573(20.59) | 0(0) | 573(100) |  < 0.001 |
|  | ACI + VIA + PAP |  | 1961(70.46) | 407(20.75) | 1554(79.25) |
|  | SOL + LCA + MIP |  | 249(8.95) | 156(62.65) | 93(37.35) |
SCC type | keratinizing | 119(52.42) | 19(15.97) | 100(84.03) | 0.601 |
| Â | Nonkeratinizing | 108(47.58) | 21(19.44) | 87(80.56) | Â |
Lymphatic & blood | − | 2799(91.02) | 448(16.01) | 2351(83.99) |  < 0.001 |
vessel invasion |  +  | 276(8.98) | 169(61.23) | 107(38.77) |  |
Pleural invasion | − | 2565(83.41) | 398(15.52) | 2167(84.48) |  < 0.001 |
|  |  +  | 510(16.59) | 219(42.94) | 291(57.06) |  |
T | Tis | 56(1.82) | 0(0) | 56(100) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | T1 | 2227(72.42) | 311(13.96) | 1916(86.04) | Â |
| Â | T2 | 660(21.46) | 243(36.82) | 417(63.18) | Â |
| Â | T3 | 60(1.95) | 25(41.67) | 35(58.33) | Â |
| Â | T4 | 72(2.34) | 38(52.78) | 34(47.22) | Â |
N | N0 | 2677(87.06) | 399(14.90) | 2278(85.10) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | N1 | 170(5.53) | 89(52.35) | 81(47.65) | Â |
| Â | N2 | 228(7.41) | 129(56.58) | 99(43.42) | Â |
M | M0 | 3043(98.96) | 593(19.49) | 2450(80.51) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | M1 | 32(1.04) | 24(75.00) | 8(25.00) | Â |
TNM | 0 | 56(1.82) | 0(0) | 56(100) |  < 0.001 |
| Â | IA | 2083(67.74) | 226(10.85) | 1857(89.15) | Â |
| Â | IB | 406(13.20) | 123(30.30) | 283(69.70) | Â |
| Â | II | 233(7.58) | 106(45.49) | 127(54.51) | Â |
| Â | III-IV | 297(9.66) | 162(54.55) | 135(45.45) | Â |
CK7 | − | 173(6.06) | 21(12.14) | 152(87.86) | 0.01 |
|  |  +  | 2680(93.94) | 541(20.19) | 2139(79.81) |  |
NapsinA | − | 403(13.33) | 85(21.09) | 318(78.91) | 0.641 |
|  |  +  | 2621(86.67) | 526(20.07) | 2095(79.93) |  |
p63 | − | 1456(55.66) | 322(22.12) | 1134(77.88) | 0.019 |
|  |  +  | 1160(44.34) | 213(18.36) | 947(81.64) |  |
TTF-1 | − | 290(9.53) | 55(18.97) | 235(81.03) | 0.645 |
|  |  +  | 2752(90.47) | 557(20.24) | 2195(79.76) |  |