Table 1 Clinical characteristics and body composition of Post-COVID-19 patients subdivided by invasive mechanical ventilation utilization
All n = 530 | Invasive mechanical ventilation n = 329 | No Invasive mechanical ventilation n = 116 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 53.79 ± 12.90 | 53.43 ± 12.43 | 54.39 ± 13.65 | 0.403 |
Male, n (%) | 323 (60.94) | 207 (62.92) | 116 (57.47) | 0.233 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 149 (28.11) | 83 (25.23) | 66 (32.84) | 0.059 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 166 (31.32) | 103 (31.31) | 63 (31.34) | 0.993 |
Obesity, n (%) | 298 (75.25) | 192 (73.85) | 106 (77.94) | 0.370 |
Ischemic cardiopathy, n (%) | 37 (6.98) | 21 (10.45) | 16 (4.86) | 0.014 |
Pulmonary disease, n (%) | 84 (15.85) | 52 (15.81) | 32 (15.92) | 0.972 |
Thyroid disease, n (%) | 22 (4.15) | 10 (3.04) | 12 (5.97) | 0.101 |
Hepatopathy, n (%) | 19 (3.58) | 14 (4.26) | 5 (2.49) | 0.288 |
HIV, n (%) | 3 (0.57) | 2 (0.61) | 1 (0.5) | 0.869 |
Asthma (%) | 12 (2.26) | 7 (2.13) | 5 (2.49) | 0.787 |
COPD, n (%) | 9 (1.7) | 4 (1.22) | 5 (2.49) | 0.272 |
Hospitalary parameters | ||||
Length of hospital stay, d | 17 [10–29] | 25 [17–36] | 9 [7–13] | < 0.001 |
Duration of IMV | 13 [9–20] | 13 [9–20] | – | – |
Arterial oxygen saturation, % | 85 [73–90.6] | 81.5 [69.1–90] | 86.7 [81–91] | < 0.001 |
PaO2% | 52.75 [40.35–66.1] | 49.7 [36.1–65.3] | 55 [45.8–67.5] | 0.010 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 156.35 [105.04–212.85] | 129.52 [90.93–176.09] | 226.42 [172.99–264.76] | < 0.001 |
ARDS mild, n (%) | 72 (26.18) | 28 (14) | 44 (58.67) | < 0.001 |
ARDS moderate-severe, n (%) | 203 (73.82) | 172 (86) | 31 (41.33) | |
Body composition at 3 months | ||||
Weight, kg | 77 [68–86.8] | 76.1 [67–85] | 79 [69–87.3] | 0.112 |
Height, cm2 | 161.69 ± 8.88 | 161.37 ± 8.67 | 162.23 ± 9.2 | 0.279 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.05 [25.9–32.86] | 29.05 [25.63–32.65] | 29.031 [26.34–33.2] | 0.431 |
Fat Mass, % | 24.13 [18.42–31.31] | 24.13 [17.87–31.62] | 24.13 [19.68–31.03] | 0.553 |
FFMI, kg | 19.92 ± 3.21 | 19.93 ± 3.10 | 19.89 ± 3.43 | 0.917 |
ASMM, kg | 20.33 [17.31–23.19] | 20.12 [17.37–22.89] | 20.86 [17.24–23.77] | 0.091 |
ASMMI, kg | 7.71 [7.01–8.51] | 7.68 [6.99–8.42] | 7.84 [7.10–8.64] | 0.129 |
Phase angle, ° | 6.1 [5.3–6.9] | 5.9 [5–6.7] | 6.55 [5.7–7.2] | < 0.001 |
Impedance index, 200/50 kHz | 0.8 [0.77–0.83] | 0.81 [0.78–0.83] | 0.78 [0.76–0.81] | < 0.001 |
Handgrip strength, kg | 23.6 ± 9.32 | 22.07 ± 9.11 | 26.09 ± 9.15 | < 0.001 |
MIP, cmH2O | 94.07 ± 26.89 | 92.64 ± 25.71 | 96.38 ± 28.61 | 0.137 |
MIP < 80% pred, n (%) | 117( 22.08) | 74( 22.49) | 43 ( 21.39) | 0.767 |
MEP, cmH2O | 115.19 ± 35.46 | 114.25 ± 33.96 | 116.7 ± 37.82 | 0.460 |
MEP < 80% pred, n (%) | 404(76.23) | 255 (77.51) | 149 (74.13) | 0.375 |
Low muscle mass, n (%) | 130 (24.53) | 92 (27.96) | 38 (18.91) | 0.019 |
Low muscle strength, n (%) | 251 (47.36) | 192 (58.36) | 59 (29.35) | < 0.001 |
Sarcopenia, n (%) | 98 (18.49) | 74 (22.49) | 24 (11.94) | 0.069 |