Table 1 Study characteristics
Study | Country | Cohort database | Years included | Cohort size | Age | Male % | COPD % | Covariates adjusted | Range of doses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Husebo 2019 | Norway | Bergen COPD Cohort Study between | 2006–2009 | 712 | 61.3 | 57.4 | 100 | Age, sex, smoking status, pack-years smoked, and body composition | 0 to 1000 ug/day |
Hyun 2012 | South Korea | Korean National claims database | 2007–2010 | 46,225 | NR | NR | Unknown (COPD/Asthma) | NR | NR |
Kiri 2009 | United Kingdom | UK General Practice Research Database | 1989–2003 | 7079 | 70.8 | 64.5 | 100 | Age, sex duration of COPD, smoking, comorbidities including asthma, inhaler, other medications | NR |
Lee 2018 | South Korea | National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort | 2002–2013 | 1325 | 63.7 | 78 | 74 (COPD and Asthma) | Age, sex, pack years, BMI, income, comorbidities, duration of follow up | 0–1000 |
Jian 2015 | Taiwan | National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) | 2003–2010 | 3956 | NR | 87.4 | NR (mixed; unspecified) | Sex, comorbidities, disease severity, previous lung cancer | 0–2000 ug/day |
Liu 2017 | Taiwan | Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) database | 1997–2009 | 13,868 | NR | 0 | 100 | Age, income, and comorbidities by cox regression mode | 0–2000 ug/day |
Parimon 2007 | United States | Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP) | 1996–2001 | 10,474 | 64.1 | 97 | 100 | Age, smoking status, smoking intensity, previous history of non–lung cancer malignancy, coexisting illnesses, and bronchodilator use | 0 to > 1000 ug/day |
Raymakers 2019 | Canada | Medical Services Plan data | 1997–2007 | 39,676 | 70.7 | 46.6 | 100 | Age, sex, neighbourhood income quintile-based residence and British Columbia health authority (regional health service) in which the patient resided | 0–640 ug/day |
Sandelin 2018 | Sweden | Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences | 1999–2009 | 19,894 | 68.02 | 52.4 | 100 | Age at COPD diagnosis, gender, asthma, education level, marital status, income prior to index, and time-dependent covariates medication and comorbidities | 0–1000 ug/day |
Sorli 2018 | Norway | Nord-Trøndelag Health Study | 1984–2008 | 4136 | 59.1 | 55.5 | 100 | Sex, age, smoking pack years and FEV1% < 70 | NR |
Suissa 2020 | Canada | Régie de l’Assurance Maladie du Québec | 2000–2014 | 63,267 | 71.5 | 52.5 | 100 | Age, sex, COPD hospitalisation and exacerbation in the year prior to cohort entry, as well as comorbidity at cohort entry, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, renal disease, other cancers (not lung), dementia and rheumatoid disease, among others, duration of ICS | 0 to > 1000 ug/day |
Wu 2016 | Taiwan | Taiwan Health Insurance database | 2003–2010 | 44,065 | NR | 69 | 100 | Sex, age, medications, comorbidities, inpatient and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases, and urbanization | NR |
Yang 2014 | Taiwan | Taiwan Health Insurance database | 1966–2011 | 13,686 | NR | 0 | 100 | NR | NR |