Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the association between age nodule diameter, nodule depth, gender, patient position, nodule location, nodule count, and localization technique and the probability of developing complications or pneumothorax among our study participants

Age (years)

0.99 (0.95–1.04)

1.004 (0.95–1.06)

Nodule diameter (mm)

0.97 (0.83–1.12)

0.96 (0.81–1.14)

Nodule depth from surface (mm)

1.07 (1.01–1.13)*

1.04 (0.97–1.11)

Gender

 Male

Reference

Reference

 Female

1.02 (0.39–2.65)

0.67 (0.22–2.08)

Patient Position

 Supine

Reference

Reference

 Prone

2.27 (0.54–9.62)

8.26 (1.09–62.7)*

 Right lying

0.48 (0.101–2.31)

2.1 (0.26–16.64)

 Left lying

2.21 (0.51–9.53)

9.2 (1.07–78.83)*

Nodule location

 Right upper lobe

Reference

Reference

 Right middle lobe

1.63 (0.15–17.32)

1.88 × 10^–8 (0-N/A)

 Right lower lobe

1.06 (0.23–4.97)

1.35 (0.27–6.78)

 Left upper lobe

5.36 (1.15–25.04)*

5.43 (0.66–44.59)

 Left lower lobe

2.75 (0.52–14.56)

1.84 (0.24–14.37)

Nodule count

 One

Reference

Reference

 Two

2.62 (0.87–7.84)

5.82 (1.69–20.1)*

 Three

11.31 (2.23–57.37)*

17.79 (2.98–106.13)*

Localization technique

 Methylene blue

Reference

Reference

 Hookwire

4.52 (1.53–13.33)*

3.57 (1.1–11.62)*