Fig. 5

MFPI analysis. A plot of estimated HRs of the nonlinearity on age, eGFR, SOFA score, and APACHE II score between GBTM lactate groups and initial lactate groups assignment with respect to 90-day mortality. The solid red and blue lines represent the estimated HRs of groups 3 and 2 compared to group 1. The red and blue dashed lines near them represent the CIs corresponding to the HRs, respectively. The horizontal black dashed lines denote HR of 1. A transparent blue histogram of the background represents the distribution of continuous variables. Except for SOFA scores, for the rest three continuous indicators, we adopted the 10th to the 90th quantile of distribution. APACHE II score, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score; CI, confidence intervals; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GBTM, group-based trajectory modeling; HR, hazard ratio; SOFA score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score