Table 1 Clinical and hyoid bone position indices according to obstructive sleep apnea severity

Age (years)^a

41.5 (12.9)

48.4 (10.0)

0.002**

Age > 55 years^b

12.8%

27.7%

0.033*

Male^b

81.4%

91.5%

0.120

BMI (kg/m²)^a

24.5 (3.3)

26.7 (3.1)

< 0.001**

Neck circumference (cm)^a

36.0 (5.8)

38.7 (6.8)

0.030*

ESS^a

7.8 (3.7)

9.1 (5.2)

0.111

ESS > 10^b

22.2%

25.5%

0.670

Hypertension^b

16.9%

40.9%

0.004**

Diabetes mellitus^c

5.2%

9.1%

0.460

Hyoid bone position (mm)^a

  Hyoid to mandibular plane

19.2 (5.9)

21.9 (6.2)

0.013*

  Hyoid to C3

42.4 (5.8)

43.8 (5.2)

0.296

  Hyoid to mentum

42.4 (7.2)

43.4 (7.4)

0.467

NAS (mm)^a

25.8 (3.9)

25.0 (3.1)

0.235

SPAS (mm)^a

12.1 (3.7)

10.9 (3.0)

0.052

MPAS (mm)^a

9.1 (3.6)

9.0 (3.2)

0.821

IPAS (mm)^a

11.5 (4.0)

10.1 (3.2)

0.035*

HAS (mm)^a

18.3 (5.5)

17.5 (5.7)

0.430