Table 2 Cox model measured hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of diaphragmatic hernia associated with and without Pneumothorax
From: Risk of diaphragmatic hernia in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax
Characteristics | Event | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 218) | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
Pneumothorax | |||||
No | 120 | Ref | Ref | ||
Yes | 98 | 1.25 (0.95–1.63) | 0.106 | 2.04 (1.55–2.69) | < 0.001 |
Gender | |||||
Female | 38 | Ref | Ref | ||
Male | 180 | 1.18 (0.83–1.67) | 0.367 | 1.29 (0.90–1.83) | 0.1614 |
Age at baseline | |||||
< 40 | 24 | Ref | Ref | ||
40–64 | 31 | 2.53 (1.48–4.31) | 0.0007 | 2.35 (1.37–4.05) | 0.002 |
≥ 65 | 163 | 9.84 (6.40–15.13) | < 0.001 | 7.14 (4.41–11.57) | < 0.001 |
Baseline comorbidity | |||||
Hypertension | 83 | 3.44 (2.61–4.54) | < 0.001 | 1.13 (0.81–1.56) | 0.477 |
Diabetes mellitus | 40 | 2.51 (1.78–3.55) | < 0.001 | 1.18 (0.82–1.70) | 0.387 |
Hyperlipidemia | 8 | 1.23 (0.60–2.48) | 0.573 | 0.51 (0.25–1.05) | 0.069 |
Smoking related diseases | 122 | 5.03 (3.84–6.60) | < 0.001 | 2.13 (1.53–2.96) | < 0.001 |