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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study subjects

From: Characteristics of pleural effusion with a high adenosine deaminase level: a case–control study

 

TB (n = 203)

Pleural infection (n = 112)

Malignant pleural effusion (n = 63)

NTM (n = 22)

ML (n = 18)

Autoimmune diseases (n = 11)

Others (n = 27)

p value*

Age, median (IQR), years

71 (46–83)

69 (60–81)

73 (66–78)

71 (61–79)

81 (74–84)

75 (70–80)

70 (56–78)

0.105

Sex (Male/female)

148/55

97/15

42/21

7/15

11/7

9/2

24/3

< 0.001

Comorbidity, n (%)a

143 (71.1)

107 (96.4)

49 (79.0)

18 (81.8)

16 (88.9)

10 (90.9)

27 (100)

< 0.001

Smoking history, n (%)b

105 (57.7)

82 (76.6)

43 (69.4)

6 (27.3)

11 (61.1)

7 (70.0)

15 (57.7)

< 0.001

Presence of symptoms, n (%)c

178 (90.8)

106 (96.4)

52 (82.5)

21 (95.5)

17 (94.4)

9 (81.8)

21 (77.8)

0.030

Mortality, n (%)

16 (7.9)

7 (6.3)

9 (14.3)

1 (4.5)

5 (27.8)

0 (0.0)

3 (11.1)

0.043

Chest tube insertion, n (%)

37 (18.2)

86 (76.8)

24 (38.1)

16 (72.7)

7 (38.9)

1 (9.1)

14 (51.9)

< 0.001

Laboratory findings

 

WBCs, median (IQR), cells/µLd

6230 (4990–7920)

13,445 (10,523–18,848)

6960 (6110–9215)

7230 (5183–8080)

7425 (5375–9503)

10,230 (7605–11,640)

7170 (4960–8760)

< 0.001

Eosinophils, median (IQR), %e

1.0 (0.3–2.2)

0.5 (0.1–1.5)

1.4 (0.8–2.8)

1.6 (0.7–2.4)

1.0 (0.3–1.9)

4.9 (2.9–7.3)

1.7 (0.8–5.0)

< 0.001

CRP, median (IQR), mg/dLd

6.1 (3.0–10.2)

19.4 (12.4–26.3)

1.6 (0.4–5.4)

5.6 (3.1–10.6)

3.9 (1.0–5.4)

6.7 (1.2–9.3)

2.5 (0.5–7.2)

< 0.001

LDH, median (IQR), IU/L d

196 (169–232)

193 (148–229)

222 (189–283)

176 (151–193)

451 (320–514)

191 (167–208)

198 (166–256)

< 0.001

Total protein, median (IQR), mg/dLd

6.77 (6.47–7.37)

6.10 (5.53–6.82)

7.13 (6.52–7.64)

6.51 (5.67–7.09)

6.55 (6.06–6.99)

7.22 (6.22–8.13)

7.18 (6.61–7.44)

< 0.001

Pleural effusion

Neutrophil predominant, n (%)

17 (8.4)

75 (67.0)

8 (12.7)

3 (13.6)

0 (0.0)

2 (18.2)

6 (22.2)

< 0.001

Cell degeneration, n (%)

7 (3.4)

29 (25.9)

6 (9.5)

4 (18.2)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

10 (37.0)

< 0.001

Eosinophils, median (IQR), %f

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.0)

0.0 (0.0–1.5)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

5.5 (2.5–11.0)

1.0 (0–1.0)

< 0.001

Total protein, median (IQR), mg/dL

4.69 (4.22–5.25)

4.32 (3.70–5.01)

5.43 (5.00–6.25)

4.67 (3.50–5.36)

4.15 (3.91–4.59)

4.82 (4.23–5.84)

5.49 (4.61–7.79)

< 0.001

LDH, median (IQR), IU/L

395 (255–738)

3103.7 (1713.3–7597.3)

1024.0 (454.8–2440.7)

913.6 (441.3–2685.9)

1771.2 (774.3–3576.5)

593.5 (341.5–1121.0)

2156 (1178–5428)

< 0.001

Glucose, median (IQR), mg/dL

91.0 (66.0–408.5)

10.0 (3.0–75.6)

62.0 (9.5–95.0)

68.3 (20.1–96.3)

66.6 (11.1–123.8)

96.0 (52.5–113.9)

34.2 (9.4–81.5)

< 0.001

Amylase, median (IQR), mg/dLg

48.5 (37.0–57.1)

29.7 (21.2–72.4)

73.4 (48.9–197.5)

41.4 (34.3–61.4)

28.5 (22.6–36.9)

19.8 (19.0–24.7)

40.9 (25.0–53.2)

< 0.001

ADA, median (IQR), U/L

83.1 (67.2–104.1)

60.9 (45.3–108.0)

54.1 (44.8–66.7)

96.9 (77.3–111.5)

107.4 (58.9–189.9)

48.5 (45.9–58.2)

62.5 (44.1–157.2)

< 0.001

Radiographic

location (Right/left/bilateral), n

107/67/29

55/44/13

37/25/1

11/11/0

7/8/3

3/5/3

19/8/0

0.024

Cases of severe pleural effusion, n (%)

34 (16.7)

26 (23.2)

19 (30.2)

2 (9.1)

5 (27.8)

1 (9.1)

6 (22.2)

0.223

Pneumothorax, n (%)

6 (3.0)

14 (12.5)

4 (6.3)

13 (59.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

9 (33.3)

< 0.001

Calcification on pleural, n (%)

3 (1.5)

2 (1.8)

1 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

1 (5.6)

1 (9.1)

6 (22.2)

< 0.001

  1. Severe pleural effusion was defined as a higher than bronchial bifurcation level on chest radiography
  2. TB tuberculosis, NTM nontuberculous mycobacteria, ML malignant lymphoma, IQR interquartile range, WBCs white blood cell counts, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ADA adenosine deaminase
  3. *The Kruskal–Wallis test or Pearson’s chi-squared test
  4. aTB n = 201, pleural infection n = 111, malignant pleural effusion n = 62, NTM n = 22, ML n = 18, autoimmune n = 11, other diseases n = 27
  5. bTB n = 182, pleural infection n = 107, malignant pleural effusion n = 62, NTM n = 22, ML n = 18, autoimmune n = 10, other diseases n = 26
  6. cTB n = 196, pleural infection n = 110, malignant pleural effusion n = 63, NTM n = 22, ML n = 18, autoimmune n = 11, other diseases n = 27
  7. dTB n = 201, pleural infection n = 111, malignant pleural effusion n = 63, NTM n = 22, ML n = 18, autoimmune n = 11, other diseases n = 25
  8. eTB n = 194, pleural infection n = 111, malignant pleural effusion n = 58, NTM n = 22, ML n = 18, autoimmune n = 11, other diseases n = 23
  9. fTB n = 195, pleural infection n = 78, malignant pleural effusion n = 57, NTM n = 18, ML n = 18, autoimmune n = 11, other diseases n = 17
  10. gTB n = 185, pleural infection n = 94, malignant pleural effusion n = 51, NTM n = 22, ML n = 12, autoimmune n = 10, other diseases n = 25
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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